Literature Study

It is evident that hosting the Olympics games is no walk in the park. The countries trusted with this task have to spend billions to make the games a reality. Some people believe that the countries, even after spending billions of dollars benefit from the games, while others believe that the money can be spent elsewhere more efficiently. To reach a conclusion, one must study all of the different impacts in all of the different sectors the games have.

London is currently hosting the Olympics this year and in preparation back in 2009 the event was predicted to “provide economic gold at a time of economic need,” however hosting the Olympics is an extremely costly business with the upgrades, new sports facilities, and security that it will cost much, much more than expected.

1. What figure will Cal Jenson report to Fred Donofrio for the amount that absenteeism cost ONO last year?

Neil Faulkner was determined that the 2012 London Olympics would ensure a profound legacy for Britain as a nation. Firstly, this would lead to a historical development magnificent transport infrastructure to magnify the underground rail and road networks as well (Poulton, 2012). Secondly, the event would upgrade the Britain culture for more tourism activities (Poulton, 2012). This would enable London to gain the desired attention from the world effectively and convenient to benefit the nations (Xiaoming, 2012). Thirdly, the events would trigger environmental protection, and vital scientific innovations complete development of London. (Poulton,

There are direct impacts to the environment for every sport event that happened, be it small scale or global. Mega –sport events are progressing every now and then since they are stimulators of major programs of improvement and regeneration for means of expressing the personality and enhancing the status of cities that are holding these events. Mega-sport events are then catalysts of development and change of the venues both in the local and national level (James and Dodours,

According to the text, on Olympic.org (2017), the Olympic Games are one of the most effective global marketing platforms reaching billions in over 200 countries and territories. Corporate partners help provide vital technical services, product support, Games staging, and operations of every organization within the Olympic Program (Olympic.org, 2017). Olympic sponsorships create images of brand goodwill, build awareness and communicate messages, and afford employee reward and client entertainment opportunities (Keller, 2014). These

An entertainment or sports event, such as the MLB World Series, has a direct economic impact on the city that hosts the event because the city that hosts events such as these has to go through a series of new expenses and spending in order to be prepared for tourists. For instance, if a city is hosting the MLB World Series, the city is expected to have people from other cities, or even other countries looking for a place to stay during that given period of time. Therefore, companies such as hotels have to undergo a certain amount of spending to make sure that they have enough resources to meet the needs of these tourists. Another example, is that when an event such as the Super Bowl in the NFL occurs in a city, there are certain requirements

“Investing in resources, including training, strict policies, that include enforcement and meaningful consequences for lax application of procedures and the following of procedures, are critical to any effective effort associated with records management” (p. 75).

‘Places People Play’ is a joint partnership initiative between Sport England and the British Olympic Association with the aim of “making the benefits of London 2012 visible in cities, towns and villages across the country” (SportEngland.org 2012). The goals involve the protection and improvement of hundreds of playing fields across the country, modernising and extending club facilities and ‘Sports Makers’ training, “providing free business skills, training and support to those doing the day-to-day running of community sports” (Sports England 2012).

Countries utilize both the vast market and the attractiveness to increase ticket sales, sales in merchandise and tourism in their country. For the 2012 Olympic in London, it was estimated that 471,000 people visited from overseas primarily for the Olympic/Paralympics. ("Visits to the UK for the London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympics - ONS", 2013, p. xx-xx) Not only does the country benefit from the ticket sales, but other businesses in the city (Hotels, restaurants, attractions, etc.) will flourish in business due to all the international trades that are occurring. The Olympic also provide jobs since the preparation, and the execution of the event requires a large staff as well as people with different skills. (Performers, construction workers, marketers, designers, etc.) Thanks to the Olympics, the United Kingdom saw a boost of £9.9 Billion ($17,805,486,600 CAD) in trades and investments. ("London 2012 Olympics 'have boosted UK economy by £9.9bn'", 2013) Hosting the Olympics can also make a psychological impact. With the great success Japan had in hosting the 1964 Olympics, (the first Asia Olympics as well as a method of being reaccepted by the rest of the world after World War Two), news that Japan will be hosting the Olympics 2020 significantly brought their citizen’s morale up after being hit with

After the 1984 Los Angeles Games showed for the first time that mega-events could produce an economic surplus, mega-sport events, particularly the Olympic Games, acquired central status for city and national government development agendas (Andranovich, Burbank and Heying, 2001). And the appeal of hosting a mega-event, or more specifically a mega-sport event, has grown significantly over the

This is estimated to generate an additional two and a half billion dollars in tourism exports (Arthur Anderson/CREA,1999, p 2). The Olympic games have also provided an important boost to employment. The Olympic Co-ordination Authority(OCA) estimates that more than 35,000 people have worked on Olympic Co-ordination Authority construction sites since the first project at Homebush Bay was started. It is estimated that since the Olympic Co-ordination Authority was formed in 1995, over twelve and a half million hours have been worked on Olympic related projects. There will also be multiplier effects. According to the Olympic Co-ordination Authority, every job created on a construction site created two more off site for suppliers, material producers and transport workers. (Olympic Co-ordination Authority,1999, p5.) The Olympics also boosted North South Wales’ employment by 5,300 in an average year of the 12 years representing the Olympic period. In addition 2,200 jobs were created outside North South Wales over the same period (Arthur Anderson/CREA, 1999, p3).

Sports have always been one of the major factors of the society and economy. Back in Ancient Greece, the homeland of the Olympic games, the Greeks believed that a healthy body was very important and sports played an important part of the society. Nowadays, the sport industry has grown to a direct and indirect economic impact of the countries, with organizations and sport events that have fans and supporters from all over the planet that are willing to spend a great amount of money in order to show their support for their favorite team, player or club. That happens because sports entertain people by watching their favorite sport teams play in some of the sports mega-events.

It is no secret that smart organization and long-term thinking played a major role, in the success of the 2012 London Olympic Games. One key area, which enjoyed a discernible boost, was the British economy. Local business enterprises enjoyed increased sales and trade, while new foreign investment escalated.

Olympic Games, as a global event, any Olympic Games will have a different impact on the environment, society, culture and economy of the host city and country. Especially since the 1980s, with the scale continues to expand, the impact of the Games on the host city and country of more concern. Another important issue will be social communities. For Olympic Games host city, it will has lots of change, like environment, social communities, local economic, etc.… But the host city still got something attractions and cultural staff. For example, Canada Whistler Winter Olympic Games, First, because of economic development, job opportunities increase, leading to increased consumer demand. Second, the Olympic Games will have a great demand for