Locke’s theory of personal identity is important for two reasons. The first reason is that since everyone changes physically and mentally, we needed a way of making sure we were the same person over time. The second reason is to provide responsibility for our actions and the consequences that follow them. The memory theory helps with both of these rationalities. Also according to this theory we can rationalize that if one forgets certain memories and those memories are lost, then those memories are not part of that person. This statement creates many problems for the judicial system. If one person commits a crime and they have no memory of it, how does the court decide whether this person actually committed the crime? The answer is that they …show more content…
One objection to Locke’s theory is given by Thomas Reid and his example of the retired general. Reid wants readers to imagine “A brave officer to have been flogged when a boy at school for robbing an orchard, to have a standard from the enemy in his first campaign, and to have been made a general in advanced life” (Reid). When the officer “took the standard, he was conscious of his having been flogged at school, and that, when made a general, he was conscious of his taking the standard, but had absolutely lost the consciousness of his flogging” (Reid). According to Locke, since the general’s consciousness does not fall back to the flogging as a school boy, then those two identities are not the same person. Reid stats that “if consciousness cannot be the same individually any two moments, but only of the same kind, it would follow, that we are not for any two moments the same individual persons, but the same kind of persons” (Reid). This statement from Reid states that the human condition is changing every second and that we are the same person over time with a changing
Thomas Reid’s argument is that identity is attributed only to the things that have continued existence, and since consciousness is transient and often interrupted, it cannot constitute personal identity. Reid gives an example of consciousness being transient when a person is either asleep or unconscious. Reid states that when a person is sleeping or unconscious, his/her consciousness is interrupted temporarily during that period of time. Locke can respond to this objection by questioning if consciousness is really transient. He can question if it is undeniably the case that we are unconscious when we are sleeping. Many other philosophers and psychologists argue that even though our conscious may be numbed during sleep, it is still functioning and has not been interrupted, that is why we are able to hear loud sounds and wake up from our sleep. Secondly, Locke only requires that it be possible and that there is a disposition to remember the
John Locke has impacted psychology as it’s known today. His studies and ideas are the forerunners for numerous psychological ideas. Locke believed in the concept of “Tabula rasa” this is the thesis that the mind is a blank slate and has no personality when a person is born. Locke stated that all knowledge and ideas came from sensory experience, known as empiricism. He believed that innate feelings or experiences didn’t exist, he stated that our experiences are our knowledge.
In the article, “The Prince and the Cobbler,” John Locke distinguishes between what it means to be a man and what it means to be a person. Locke then goes on to say that for a man to be the same man over time, it is necessary for that man’s body to persist over time. Locke also says that out conception of a person involves perception and consciousness and that without some connection between current consciousness and past consciousness, a person cannot be the same. This connection creates a problem for Locke because there are no flows of continuous consciousness. People forget and people become unconscious. Does that mean that they aren’t themselves anymore? Locke defends his argument by saying that consciousness doesn’t
The purpose of this essay is to define what Personal Identity is by analyzing John Locke’s argument for Personal Identity. John Locke’s argument for Personal Identity will be examined, in order to establish a better understanding of whether or not the argument for personal identity could be embraced. In order to do so, the essay will i) State and explain Locke’s argument that we are not substances or mere souls and ii) State and explain Locke’s concept of personal identity and its relations to what he calls self, consciousness and punishment. This essay will also focus on Thomas Reid’s perspective on personal identity and iii) State and explain Reid’s criticisms of Locke’s theory of personal identity, and lastly iv) I will evaluate whether or not Reid’s objections are good. Locke’s argument may seem to be plausible at first, however, the essay will conclude by rejecting John Locke’s argument for personal identity due to Locke’s inadequate reasonings and Thomas Reid’s criticisms.
A simple example of this is: The person is the same person as someone in the past if the person has the consciousness of the experience that the someone in the past did. Thus, the identity of a person is limited to how much the conscious of later person remembers their earlier conscious memories. Only then he is truly the same person or himself. But then this bring few questions: Can there be a the same thinking substance in different people or different thinking substance in the same person and how do we punish people? To answer the first question he believes that the issue lies whether a immaterial being with consciousness could have its consciousness of its past actions be completely removed then begin a life with new consciousness. Nonetheless if it was possible then Locke argues that there is no reason to say that the person who’s soul and conscious lived before the removal is the same person whose new consciousness took over. To answer the second part, Locke says that the answer depends on whether the conscious of the past actions can be transferred to another person who did not experience it. Locke believes this phenomenon is possible and if it was, would this person be the same person he was before? Yes. Using Locke’s theory where
Locke’s argument for the memory criterion of personal identity, is that psychological continuity (the consciousness of past experiences) is the aspect that preservers our personal identity. Locke
John Locke claims that memory is the key to identity, so “as far [as] someone’s memory goes, is so far the identity of the person.” (Campbell) First, Locke explains the concept of body swapping in terms of the prince and the cobbler: the “transfer of memories between the body of the prince and the body of the cobbler would mean the people have swapped bodies.” (Campbell) In this example, the
Personal identity, in a philosophical point of view, is the problem of explaining what makes a person numerically the same over a period of time, despite the change in qualities. The major questions answered by Locke were questions concerning the nature of identity, persons, and immorality (Jacobsen, 2016). This essay will discuss the three themes John Locke presents in his argument regarding personal identity, which are, the concept of categories, substance vs. man vs. person, and the continuity of consciousness.
The essay believed the experience of Humans shapes their character. For example, according to Robert Albritton, author of “The politics of Locke’s philosophy,” mentioned, “Locke argues that each mind is at birth like a blank state” (Albritton). As an individual proceeds in life, Locke, believes the events experienced in a man's daily life is influenced towards his characteristics. To add on, according to the article, “The Cambridge companion to Locke”, Bradford Molall proclaims, “The essay points an empiricist theory of mind, detailing how all ideas…”(Molall). Locke represented expericism frequently throughout his essays due to the fact that most of his work was based off his personal
Locke's view on personal identity has strengths but it also has several weaknesses or limitations. One important strength is when Locke states that a person should be held responsible for his/her actions if he/she recalls doing those actions. In this case, the person
To give a little more insight to what he means by this, I will provide another example. Let’s say that one person murders another; however, at the time the alleged murderer was not consciously aware of what they were doing. Therefore, Locke would say that that person is not the same as they were before they murdered the other person because they are not consciously aware of the
Locke believed that the identity of a person could be assigned to the consciousness. He thought that a person would remain the same as
How is John Locke acknowledged in society? Rene Descartes became accredited by what? Well, people knew these men for their philosophical views, their views on identity varied undoubtedly. For example, Descartes famous line "I think, therefore I am" alludes to the fact that he most certainly exists. On the other hand, Locke believes that if you committed a crime, but cannot recall your actions, then you should not serve time for your crime. Hence, Descartes perspective of identity contains the self, as Locke reveals that identity is something that cannot have two things existing at the same time.
Locke rationalizes, an older person may not remember their “self” as young child, but they have memories from when they were middle-aged. When they were middle-aged, they remember their “self” as a young child, therefore their consciousness can be linked.
The question on personal identity has been a philosophical debate for a long time. Philosophers over time have tried to argue what being a person that one is, from one day to the necessarily contains. In their endless search for philosophical bases on the same, multiple questions on the issues of life and death arise such that the correct answers to personal identity determine the changes that one person undergoes, or may undergo without being extinct but rather continuing to exist. Personal identity philosophical theory confronts the most ultimate questions on our existence as well as who we are and if by any chance there is a possibility of life after death. In attempts to distinguish change in a person in survival and after death, a criterion of personal identity over time is given. Such criterion specifies all the necessary and sufficient conditions that must prevail for a person to continue to exist (Perry et al,103)