Precautionary Principle Applied to GMOs. (7500 Words) "I suspect any worries about genetic engineering may be unnecessary. Genetic mutations have always happened naturally, anyway." - James Lovelock INTRODUCTION Mad cow disease, also known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, is a neurodegenerative disease in cattle caused by a misfolded protein (called a prion). It caused most of its havoc in the United Kingdom, but also struck Alberta, Canada in 1993 . So what does this have to do with GMOs (genetically modified organisms)? GMOs were not the cause of mad cow disease; but “the mad cow crisis created an opportunity structure particularly conducive for the mobilization of anti-GMO demands”(especially in the European Union(EU) ) . In the public’s imagination mad cow disease became conflated with GMOs. The people in affected countries became more interested in questions of GMO safety and began to demand more …show more content…
The EU has separately incorporated the precautionary principle in its founding treaty such that the principle is now a general principle of domestic EU law. The Supreme Court of India has also held that the precautionary principle is part of customary international law and that in addition it was binding on the domestic law of India. In contrast, Canada has not accepted the precautionary principle as a principle of customary international law, but has accepted it as something likely to become customary international law in the future. The Supreme Court of Canada has accepted the principle as an interpretative aid for domestic law, but it is not as yet not binding on domestic law unless included in a statute. Incorporation of the principle in common law may be one way it could become operational in Canada and other common law countries in the future. Some Australian authorities consider it to have already become a part of common
In the essay “Genetically Modified Food: Watching What We Eat,” by Julie Cooper, she argues against the rampant use of genetically modified food (GMO) without any current form of regulation. Cooper discusses the possibility of health risks to those consuming foods with altered genes and the food’s capabilities to have far-reaching health risks. She continues with a discussion as to how and why the creation and use of the GMOs have become so unregulated. She then discusses the response, which is the public’s cry for their right to make informed choices. Other topics discusses are the political, environmental, and corporate ramifications of the rise of GMOs.
Throughout our lifetime we are in constant change, many of those changes are ones that you don’t notice. However permanent we set a change to ourselves, one thing we hardly notice change is our DNA. Just growing recently in popularity is genetic engineering , along with its immense potential which can do very much for us, in the future and today. However, with all the potential that genetic engineering carries many people have begun to resent what genetic engineering could become instead of focusing on the great capabilities, and what lies ahead of its bright future. Regardless of what others believe, Genetic engineering will renovate the way we do things today, genetic engineering is a tremendous step to accept, and without a doubt a step
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Why are humans stuck how they are? Why do some have lethal flaws? Why do theses flaws exist? The correct answer is they don’t have to: Human genetic engineering can solve some of theses lethal issues now and can solve more in the future. It can help the next generation experience what everyone strives to achieve. Human genetic engineering research should continue because it can save people's lives, improve human’s lives and improve the lives of the next generation of children.
Although GMOs have been around for years, GMOs have created a controversy about whether it has a positive or negative effect. There is currently a big debate going on in Canada if Genetically Modified Foods, known as GMOs, should be decreased or increased in production due to health risks. Canada should decrease the production of GMOs before its negative affects impacts the world and everything currently inherited. In fact GMOs show many positive affects but alongside also show a huge health and environmental impact.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has tested hundreds of thousands of cattle for BSE. Researchers believe that the infectious agent that causes mad cow disease is an abnormal version of a protein normally found on cell surfaces, called a prion. For reasons still unknown, this protein becomes altered and destroys nervous system tissue (brain and spinal cord). There exists strong epidemiologic and laboratory evidence for a causal association between a new human prion disease called variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) that was first reported from the United Kingdom in 1996 and the BSE outbreak in cattle (http://www.cdc.gov). According to The National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, by June 2014 it had killed 177 people in the United Kingdom, and 52 elsewhere. This essay will focus on the possible causes, effects, and treatment for this
According to WebMD, Mad Cow Disease is fatal, resulting in the destruction of the brain and spinal cord*. Humans can get the human form of Mad Cow disease through eating nerve tissue of cows that had the disease*. However, the gelatin used in breath mints, if from cows, is comprised of cattle bones and hides, both of which have a low risk of transmitting the disease according to Clemson University**. So while it is possible, people should not live in fear of getting Mad Cow Disease from breath mints. This is due to how the FDA has guidelines in place to try to prevent spreading the disease. Again, Clemson University stated that the FDA suggests that no part of a cow with any neurological disease is used in production of gelatin**. To prevent
These concerns are about the potential of illnesses GMOs could cause. An article observes, “In the 20-plus years on the market, GMOs have not caused or contributed to a single illness or death” (“GMO Myths Vs. Facts”). There have not been any traces of illnesses after multiple testing of GMO products. Since there are only ten commercially farmed genetically modified crops in the United States, the possibility of people getting a disease from them is rare; especially because three of the crops are mainly for feeding livestock. People have believed multiple problems are linked to GMOs. For instance, “in 2013, the journal food and chemical toxicology retracted a paper linked to herbicide roundup and round up-tolerant GM corn to cancer and premature death in rats… they found researchers had used too few rats… and the results were inconclusive” (Colbert, par. 16). Since the researchers did not have enough evidence, the possibility of the problem being GMOs are
It is incredible to see how far genetic engineering has come. Humans, plants, and any living organism can now be manipulated. Scientists have found ways to change humans before they are even born. They can remove, add, or alter genes in the human genome. Making things possible that humans (even thirty years ago) would have never imagined. Richard Hayes claims in SuperSize Your Child? that genetic engineering needs to have limitations. That genetic engineering should be used for medical purposes, but not for “genetic modification that could open the door to high-tech eugenic engineering” (188). There is no doubt that genetic engineering can amount to great things, but without limits it could lead the human race into a future that no one
The effect on the cattle will take two to eight years from the time of infection to appear as a full case. The animals that are infected by this disease will resemble those that have rabies. Mad Cow disease will not spread as rapidly as rabies does, however. Symptoms of this infection will develop over a period of two to six months. As the disease sets in and the clinical signs are in place, the animal will deteriorate and either die or will be destroyed to prevent more instances of Mad Cow disease (www.cattle.com).
Maxime Schwartz’s novel, How the Cows Turned Mad: Unlocking the Mysteries of Mad Cow Disease, is written for those interested in the history and how a disease slowly changed over time to become what it is today. This novel, although considered academic writing, cater to any type of reader. While a slight background of general biology is recommended, Schwartz does an amazing job in describing each scenario to the point in which many people can understand. Even with the academic diction, this novel is easy to follow and makes a very interesting story nonetheless. This story engages the readers with stories of the past and the present in regards to mad cows disease.
The following passage is from a research paper, and it’s the last body paragraph overseeing the history of mad cow disease. The topic sentence is located at the beginning; Although, I could’ve done a better job clearly stating the main topic: mad cow disease. Instead of stating what the cattle were fed, I could’ve said how many were infected by the mad cow disease or how the British government didn’t believe the disease was transmissible. Overall, the main issue that stood out to me was the way I introduced my quotes. For example, in my first quote, I didn’t introduce the quote before inserting it. Thus, my readers don’t have prior knowledge of what the quote is about. Hence a better way of writing this sentence could’ve been, “Britain decided
Meanwhile, a growing body of evidence connects GMOs with health problems, environmental damage and violation of farmers’ and consumers’ rights.
Within the last 100 years or so scientists have many valuable discoveries that have benefited mankind. These discoveries include the discovery of genes. Scientists have discovered what makes humans so unique from one another. However, with this newly gained knowledge of the function of genes comes the ability to alter or change them. Just imagine in the not so near future, you and your partner want to start a family together. You travel to your local gene councillor to pick the physical and characteristic traits of your child. That’s right. With the knowledge that has been gained about genes, scientists can “create” the perfect child genetically. The thought is scary. Nature has always taken us down the right path but are we really ready
The Oprah Winfrey Show broadcasted an episode that talked about the Mad Cow Disease. It was a discussion over the disease that was going on in England and how it may become aware in the United States. Oprah invited a lady named Beryl Rimmer, her granddaughter was hospitalized from the disease. Rimmer stated that her granddaughter caught the disease from beef that was contaminated with the disease.