Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong

Chinese Americans have arrived to the United States through three waves of immigration. The journey of immigrating to the United States consisted of many obstacles and hardships. Chinese Americans have been in this country for centuries, and still remain one of the smallest minority minorities. To this day, they are still perceived as foreigners in the eyes of other Americans, and have been victimized for their successes. To gain a deeper understanding of Chinese immigration, we must look at the Chinese American experience of immigrant jobs, exclusion and discrimination, and the model minority stereotype.

Over the past thousand years or so, many immigrants have had countless complications and obstacles while finding their home here in the United States. Migrants tended to have a stigma or stereotype associated with their race, class, or culture. In no way did the United States make it “easy” or “free” whenever the mass of people came to the country. The experiences between the immigration groups of the Chinese, Irish, and Germans over the years show that they have overcome prejudice through their work.

“America the land of opportunity, to all” has always been a driving force for many people from poor, undeveloped societies far away from America. This simple saying has brought over millions and millions of people from they’re native countries, leaving behind families and friends. Some never to return. Once in America, reality sets in for most of these groups as that suffer thought unequal treatment, racism and discrimination. One such group involved similar treatments were the Chinese- Americans, in the documentary “Becoming American- the Chinese Experience” we are given a first hand looks and descriptions of the hate that Chinese- American suffered in America. This paper will discuss these events including the documentary and class notes, further it will also describe the difference treatment that Chinese- American face in present day compared to the past.

Several hundred Chinese come to British Columbia. This was due to the Gold Rush, which is when several people move to a newly discovered Goldfield

In 1848, the first Chinese came and of course in the nest year participated in the gold rush. Like the Chilean in “Diario de un viaje a California”, Chinese also came here for mining. After, they also established Chinese school and churches and create their own lifestyle. In “The City That Was”, Will Irwin wrote, “The Chinese lived their own lives in their own way and settled their own quarrels with the revolvers of their highbinders”(453).

Chinese people have been the majority of migrants in Australia. They have worked and have create their communities in Australia. Nowadays, there are a number of Chinese town in Australia and also, in Australian universities, many Chinese people are studying. In Australian history, it is well- known that many Chinese labours worked at gold mines. Also, under the White Australian Policy, they experienced racial discriminations. However, there is still some unknown history, that those Chinese migrants had experienced here in Australia. This essay will investigate historical facts, which Chinese migrants experienced the nineteenth century. Firstly, this essay will introduce several causes, which led the Chinese to go to Australia. Secondly, it will argue that the Chinese people were not welcomed migrants. Thirdly, it will explain how the Chinese migrants maintained their ethnic identity within Australia. Next, it will explain how the Chinese established their own community in order to maintain their own identities. Finally, it will examine that the Chinese race relationship with the Australian can be fit to the psychological theory of racism.

During the 1870’s to 1930’s, large numbers of Chinese immigrants came to the United States in search of a successful life for themselves and generations to come. Although some immigrants found it possible to Americanize, the extent to which the vast majority of Chinese immigrants in California preserved the cultural traditions of their homeland was much greater than that of assimilation. This outcome was due to the fact that they were logically more inclined to place themselves within ethnic enclaves after coming to a land of unfamiliarity, but they were also pressured and outcast as aliens under several legal acts and extremely discriminating prejudice from original Americans.

The plans and narratives of the Kowloon Walled City have drastically changed through the years, as it has been an unrolled and unregulated enclave between the British and Chinese governments. It began as an officially planed Chinese military fort and afterwards witnessed three distinct stages of lawlessness, demolition and rebirth as an urban garden. It all officially began in the 16th century, when the Chinese built a defensive garrison town filled with soldiers, civil officers and their families (Carney, 2013). However, when Hong Kong was leased to the British in 1898, the Kowloon Walled City became a enclave in the colonized territory, where no laws of the official state applied and everything began expanding spontaneously. The first stage of the city’s unintentional self-organization began in the 1950’s. It is widely known as the time of three vices – gambling, prostitution and drug dealing. The official regulations of the British did work on Hong Kong and were reversely reflected in the Chinese enclave. As soon as something was forbidden in the city-state, people massively poured into the un-ruled territory and let the sins to flourish. This way the Kowloon Walled City became synonymous with violence, crime and disturbance. During this period, the city and people became one, the buildings were connected by piping systems and wires, the water poured through the holes and sunlight could barely reach the lower levels. Yet, in the early 1970’s the situation started changing

However, nothing could prepare the Chinese for the measure of racism and discrimination that they were to endure. The Chinese, were regularly treated with little to no respect or dignity. Communities would often classify them of equal worth of animals. It became common for white personals to murder and steal from the Chinese with no punishment or trial. Shops and stores would also post notes saying “No Dogs or Chinese”.

In 2014, China’s GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) was $17.62 trillion. However, China’s per capita income is below the world average. China’s GDP per capita stood as $12,900. According to Magnier (2014), “The country’s gross domestic product last year totaled

Canada is a very strong country but this didn't happen overnight. Thanks to Sir John A.Mac Donald (SJAM) we have our strong country. SJAM created the National Policy in order to make a huge impact on the Canadian economy. You may wonder what the goal of this policy was? Well the goal was to create a strong economy with jobs and immigrants making money for their country. Before SJAM put his policy through he needed to narrow it down into three parts. The parts would make a formula for a successful country. They were transportation, immigration and economy. Transportation to bring immigrants and resources in. Immigration so immigrants could make money and populate Canada. Economy to make money for Canada.

In the essay Chinatown: A Contested Urban Space, by Mary Ting Yi Lui, Chinatowns collectively occupy a special place in the collective imagination of American ethnic history and the nation’s contemporary multicultural identity, as evidenced by their serving as the settings for various motion pictures. From coast to coast, Chinatowns remain major tourist draws, and continued immigration from the Chinese diaspora ensures that Chinatown will retain their social and cultural significance for many years to come. Chinese Americans are the oldest and largest Asian ethnic group in the United States, consisting of fourth and fifth-generation Americans of Chinese descent and recent immigrants of languages spoken and points of origin. Chinese immigration

According to Sethi, it is a common practice that China and other countries require certain employees to pay for and live in company provided housing (2011). In certain circumstances, this might be understood to be a beneficial practice, such as the one that Chris Smith recounts in the 1997 Foreign Affairs article. Smith alleged, the practice is often done if the factory is in a rural area and the community does not have adequate housing options for all the employees (1997). It is also often utilized by young women working their first job while no longer under their families roof and control (Smith, 1997). In contrast the same practice is known to be

The interview data is presented in the form of storied narratives. These diachronic data embody a temporal sequence of events and are autobiographical. One advantage is that the reported personal episodes and inferences explains the intentions of actions and feelings. (Polkinghorne, 1995) It also further explain what extent the Chinese identity of the Hong Kong next generation is established and how it is based on the ethno-cultural and civic identity. (Bond & Hewstone, 1988)

There is a large diversity of people in Hong Kong because it continuously expands in economy and market. This of course, is a big advantage to our industry because although Precious Gems and Stones came in second to the Electronic equipment industries with a high dollar value of $82.4 billion and each export percentage share of 15.7% in terms of global shipments during 2014, the Precious Gems and Stones industry was the fastest growing among the top 10 export categories. It went up 161.1% for the 5-year period which started in 2010. It was also propelled by international sales of unwrought gold and unset diamonds. (worldstopexport.com)