Zane Harris Contemporary Drama Walat
THE CONSTRUCTION AND EVOLUTION OF THE MODERN MALE IDENTITY IN THEATRE DEPICTED BY THE WORKS OF SHEPARD, MAMET, LEBUTE, AND McDONAGH.
At first glance, the examination of male identity on stage might seem gratuitous considering that the dramatic tradition is largely focused towards the modern male experience. However, the first purpose of this particular evaluation is to provide clear evidence that the journey of male playwright characters have been viewed as universal experiences and not as gender specific entities. This concept is noteworthy both in a historical context as well as in response to the rise of feminist theatre and feminist playwrights. Throughout the 20th century, the role of the male
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Moreover, it is of upmost importance that the evolution of masculinity on stage be stringently dissected. Beginning with the forefathers of American Drama such as O’Neil and Miller and extending into current contemporary works, the idea of acceptable masculinity has both devolved and evolved into a cornucopia of veiled misogyny coupled with compassionate confusion towards itself, femininity, and society as a whole. Ultimately, this study will focus on the battling male identities in Shepard’s True West and his depiction of male/female dynamics in Fool for Love. Additionally, the rise to manhood in Mamet’s Sexual Perversity in Chicago as well as the theme of competition that is seemingly inherent in men in Glengarry Glen Ross. Furthermore, I will address the concept of violence as it relates to the male identity in McDonagh’s Pillowman as well as the different societal roles men and women play in everyday life in LaBute’s Fat Pig. Overall, this examination hopes to provide insight into the challenges these playwrights have faced in the scope of portraying
Some argue that women’s roles are often tokenistic in dramatic comedy, since women often have smaller or less important roles than male characters. This may apply to the female characters in ‘One Man, Two Guvnors’ depending on how you interpret the word ‘tokenistic’. The tokenism of a character may be assessed in terms of the size and significance, or by analysing the stereotypes and complexity of their characters.
While many will agree that Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night is critically acclaimed to be one of the most entertaining and well-liked pieces that he has written, there tends to be a discrepancy over how the characters in the play are portrayed when it comes to the importance of gender roles. After reading James C Bulman’s article over the Globe’s more recent performance of Twelfth Night and Shakespeare’s original written version, I realized that there are many ways that this famous piece has been portrayed and each has its own pros and cons.
Tall, dark, and handsome has long been the standard of a desirable man. There is undoubtedly something about a “man’s man” that is intriguing and beguiling. However, there must be a point where too much masculinity becomes a problem. As society continues to praise men with the biggest muscles, the nicest cars, and the most women, it is becoming increasingly hard to draw the line between healthy masculinity and toxic masculinity. In Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire, toxic ideas about what it means to be masculine ultimately ruins several characters, but most overtly Stanley, Stella, and Blanche, showing that toxic masculinity is a threat to everyone’s well-being, both male and
In today’s society, and throughout modern history, masculinity has often taken the role of defining how men should act, and be seen amongst everyday living. Throughout Michael Kimmel’s excerpt from his critically acclaimed nonfiction Guyland excerpt published 2008, he addresses, and researches these social queues and aims to put perspective on why, and how the rules of masculinity define manhood. He does this through his vast use of credible resources, and stories of effected individuals which further support his claims and credibility. Not only does he provide several examples of well-known psychologists whose own ideals support those that he writes about, he also uses a variety of other professions ranging from psychologist, anthropologist, poets, and even well noted playwrights to show that his views and ideals of masculinity can be observed across all aspects of careers, and
In his play Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller uses “the common man as a fit subject for tragedy in the highest sense” (Lawrence, Trudeau and Ross Vol. 1) and failure in the accomplishment of the American. The play tends to recline more in the direction of masculinity where men’s sole role is to get a job and support the family and the woman be seen and ordered which brings out the idea of traditional gender roles at its best. Though this is the case, it is very evident that women played an important role in this play. Although every character in the served and had a main purpose, women served a major role not only as subjects of submission and satisfaction who helped define who the men really were in the 1940’s but also as elements of support and wisdom.
The movie surveyed a wide array of the troubles faced by boys and men as they try to navigate the realm of masculinity. A common theme was the command “be a man” and the cultural baggage that comes with living up to that ideal. To “be a man” means to not cry, to not be sensitive, to not let people mess with you, to respond with violence, to be angry, to drink, to womanize.
Lucas presents the reflection of masculinity in the Australian cinemas by drawing example from “The Man from Snowy River (I) “, where she analyzes the conventional masculinity by narrating the development of the male character in the movie characterized as young Jom Criag (Tom Burlinson) who has to inherits knowledge and strengths from his father. During his journey to manhood after his father’s death, he meets another man through whom he learns survival skills, develop friendship, win over his rebel and proclaim heroic status. Lucas promulgates through her analysis that this movie reflects the dominant and hegemonic masculinity by presenting that a masculine figure needs to adapt, be physically strong, and be determinant of his aspirations (Lucas page 140)
The concept of gender is evolutionary and difficult to define, though it can be argued that traditionally females have been predominantly defined by their desirability, and males by their masculinity. The way a director presents gender in film can either inspire social change and conversation, or alternatively it can further reproduce social norms. In the case of the film’s discussed in this essay, it is clear that Baz Luhrmann captivates a younger audience and intentionally uses actor selection and the presentation of gender to transform a well-worn Shakespearean story into something new and evolved to inspire a younger audience. On the other
Using Judith Butler’s philosophy on gender, Cameron reinforces the idea that gender is a social construct “reaffirmed by repeated stylization of the body” and speech (Cameron. 63). She also points to how speech and language also create differences between the gendered binary (Cameron. 64). By Tim O’Brien calling his characters “actors”, he is illustrating the idea that male gender norms are made to be performed (O’Brien. 348). Masculinity and male gender roles are more heavily scrutinized and surveilled in a war zone. War is socialized to connected to hypermasculinity and men are thought to have a macho gusto in order to
Gender stereotypes are oversimplified generalizations about the roles of each gender. In the play Macbeth, the author, William Shakespeare shows these stereotypes through the characters and their conflicts and challenges. Throughout the play, we develop an understanding about how the characters’ perspectives on what manhood and masculinity means, plays a huge part in the decisions they make.
In the book “Gender Trouble” (1990), feminist theorist Judith Butler explains “gender is not only a social construct, but also a kind of performance such as a show we put on, a costume or disguise we wear” (Butler). In other words, gender is a performance, an act, and costumes, not the main aspect of essential identity. By understanding this theory of gender as an act, performance, we can see how gender has greatly impacted the outcome of the play in William Shakespeare’s Othello. From a careful analysis of the story, tragedy in Othello is result of violating expected gender roles, gender performance by Desdemona and Othello, and the result of Iago’s inability to tolerate these violations.
The Event did not disappoint with my hypothesis that this was a heavily male dominated program. The content of this show illustrates the social hierarchy and roles that men play in society. Subsequently, the major life events change the direction and course of the actors and force them into new roles, norms and values with their characters.
Gender identity and its roles in 17th and 19th century England were regarded as rigid fact — definite and unyielding. The adherence to these social protocols was of utmost importance. Masculinity was viewed as being dominant, assertive, and bold, whereas femininity involved beauty, obedience, and chastity. The theatre became a method of challenging this rigid social concept. Both William Shakespeare’s As You Like It and Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest explore these public values through their characters. Wilde and Shakespeare’s use of gender reversals satirize the traditions of social order, marriage, and gender responsibilities at the time, thereby revealing that gender is not absolute.
In Twelfth Night Shakespeare uses gender roles and cross dressing to create disguise. This creates a sense of gender ambiguity and this is what makes the audience laugh - but although it creates a sense of fun and liveliness it also examines
The place of women within the theatre is well known, that being that they had no place within the stage. Women's parts were played by young men in