Math in Chemistry
Since first taking Chemistry in high school I developed a passion for Chemistry. The science provides explanations on why and how all things work. A particularly interesting yet challenging topic in chemistry is Acids & Bases. This is where the Henderson Hasselbalch equation becomes essential in solving some Acid Base problems. The equation is applicable in almost all types of chemistry. Two scientists named Lawrence Joseph Henderson and Karl Albert Hasselbalch created the equation. Hasselbalch was responsible for employing logs. In this exploration I will be deriving the equation and searching for any common patterns and relationships that are prevalent. I will also explore alternative ways for calculating pH in acid-base titrations.
The Henderson Hasselbalch equation:
The Henderson Hasselbalch equation can be used to estimate the pH of a buffer solution as well as finding the equilibrium pH in acid-base reactions. There are a few conditions under which you will get accurate answers. Strong acids cannot be used because they dissociate into ions completely in reactions. Weak acids do not dissociate completely in reactions therefore the acids ability to ionize (pKa) influences the final H+ concentration (pH) of a solution. This allowed for the development of the equation that is written as follows for a weak acid and the conjugate base: In this equation pH is a direct measurement of the H+ ion concentration. The value pKa is a measurement of an acids
In this lab, the purpose was to determine the stability of a substance after adding an acid or a base. The results claim that liver and buffer are the most resistance to change in pH. Looking at figure 3, buffer and liver both maintain a stable pH even with the addition of an acid or base. However, potato and water have less buffer in them since their pHs did change. In figure 3, the potato acid’s pH level decreased by two, and the potato base’s pH level increased by two. The level of pH of a water acid decreased by 4, while the water base’s pH increased by 5. These results all tie to the fact that buffer is a substance that maintains a stable pH; the presence of buffer in organisms help maintain homeostasis by binding or releasing hydrogen
6-3: This process is used by cells to manufacture _biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products__
I will be doing this experiment to understand density of water compared to the volume of an object. D=m/v=mass/volume
A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when H+, OH-, or H20 is added. By using standard lab equipment, a lab pro diagnostic tool, and acidic and basic solutions, the pH can be found. By recording the pH while adding a base or an acid gradually to a buffer solution you can find the capacity of each buffer to resist drastic changes in pH. The best buffers will keep a solution from becoming either too acidic or basic with the addition of a strong base or acid.
weak bases). After ranking the pH of these solutions, you will then test your predictions in the laboratory.
To start out this study the difference between acids and bases has to be identified. Acids have very low pHs and have a high concentration of hydronium ions, while bases have a high pH and have a high concentration of hydroxide ions. The difference between strong bases and acids, and weak bases and acids is the amount of dissociation. Strong bases and acids dissociate a large amount and let go of their ions in solution, while weak bases and acids may only let go of some of their ions. This is important because if the unknown solutions aren’t strong acids or bases then using their ions to calculate the pH of the solutions will give false results (Diffen 2012).
Day 1. Michael was coming home for vacation from college. When he got home he found out that
Substances A and B have an appearance of a white solid like. Substances A and B were put into a test tube and on the Bunsen burner. As a result, B melted faster than A. A was slow to melt. The reason why B melted faster than A is because it has a lower boiling point than substance A which made it melt faster. It also shows that A needs more energy than B to be broken down.
Table 2: Consists of color extract taken from a red cabbage for a natural indicator. The pH reading that was measured by using the pH meter and the result of the pH reading to determine whether the solution was acidic or basic.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the pKa of the bromothymol blue (indicator) through absorption spectroscopy. Bromothymol blue being a monoprotic acid base indicator, displays different colors at different pH because of the differences in the ratio of the conjugated acid and base form. The fraction of conjugate acid and base was interpolated for the solutions through the acquired absorbance spectrum of the bromothymol blue at various pH. The rearranged form of Henderson Hasselbalch equation was graphed as a function of pH to determine the pKa of the indicator.
Ka is the acid dissociation constant and [HA] is the concentration of the weak acid . Strong acids usually completely dissociate and has a Ka value greater than 1. Weak acids don’t dissociate completely and have a Ka value much smaller than 1. pKa values are often used for weak acids due to being able to work with whole numbers
The pH of a solution is the measure of the concentration of charged Hydrogen ions in that given solution. A solution with a pH lower than seven is considered to be acidic. A solution with a higher pH is a base. It is very important for organisms to maintain a stable pH. Biological molecules such as proteins function only at a certain pH level and any changes in pH can result in them not functioning properly. To maintain these constant pH levels, buffer solutions are used. A buffer solution can resist change to small additions of acids or base’s. A good buffer will have components that act like a base, and components that act like an acid.
First, three titration curves and three second derivative curves were created to determine the average pH at the half-equivalence point from the acetic acid titrations. Titration curves were used as visuals to portray buffer capacity. The graphs and a table, Table 1, that showcased the values collected were created and included below. The flat region, the middle part, of Figures 1, 2 and 3, showed the zone at which the addition of a base or acid did not cause changes in pH. Once surpassed, the pH increased rapidly when a small amount of base, NaOH, was added to the buffer solution. Using the figures below and
There are five main braches of chemistry: Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Biochemistry. Organic chemistry and Inorganic chemistry are self-explanatory, as organic chemistry is concerned with the chemistry side of carbon and living things, and inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the interaction between and structure in inorganic compounds.
An acid-base titration is the determination of the concentration of an acid or base by exactly neutralizing the acid/base with an acid or base of known concentration. This allows for quantitative analysis of the concentration of an unknown acid