Mental Isolation In Gothic Literature

Desperation for love arising from detachment can lead to extreme measures and destructive actions as exhibited by the tumultuous relationships of Miss Emily in William Faulkner's “A Rose for Emily” (rpt. in Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson, Perrine's Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, 9th ed. [Boston: Wadsworth, 2006] 556). Miss Emily is confined from society for the majority of her life by her father, so after he has died, she longs for relations that ironically her longing destroys. The despondency and obsession exuded throughout the story portray the predicament at hand.

The theme of isolation is a heavy premise throughout all three books that help to shape not only certain characters but also provide insight on fundamental qualities of their identities. The object of this essay is to prove who seems to be the most solitary character between the books Light in August by William Faulkner, A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In these stories, the idea of isolation is the loneliness that has been experienced in a characters life. Some characters have experienced their loneliness since early childhood while others have been kept isolated involuntarily. Although these three characters have taken different approaches in their lives, they all ended up isolated from society. As Alfred Kazin believes that Joe Christmas is the most solitary character in American fiction, I would like to discuss how both the villain in A Good Man is Hard to Find and the heroine of The Yellow Wallpaper would not rival Kazin’s opinion. Joe Christmas in Light in August proves to be the most solitary character I have read about, as he is never able to become a full member of society.

“The Outsider” by H.P. Lovecraft tell the story of a man’s decent further into loneliness after venturing out into the real world after escaping the castle he has been concealed in his whole life. Lovecraft presents a dark and eerie writing style to manifest certain elements in the story that set the theme. Lovecraft suggests themes of loneliness as well as loss of innocence in the story, “The Outsider”, by employing the use of tone, diction, as well as point of view.

Miss Emily is also decaying, but it is subtle and internal--the awful smell that begins to permeate from her dwelling is a reflection of the withering woman within rotting. Perhaps most tragically, Miss Emily’s isolation is far from self-inflicted. Her blind devotion to the ones she loves; her father, her husband, her home; only serves to further condemn her actions. Her neighbors disregard toward her inabilty to let go of her father after his death, despite the delicacy of her being, caused for her madness to fester. “She told them her father was not dead.

Isolation has a profound effect on the human psyche, it can motivate a man or drive him mad. Within The Painted Door and The Black Cat, isolation and its effects are present and those effects impact the characters actions. The Black Cat and The Painted Door are comparable in their showcase of humanities perverse capabilities, by using the gothic elements these capabilities are shown to lead to their downfall.

“A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner presents yet another example of a woman who possesses feelings of adoration and hatred but is constantly in despair and isolation because of the male influences in her life. Like the woman, Delia, in “Sweat”, she holds these hateful and even fearful feelings held up inside of herself until she acts out and does something drastic, for example, murdering Homer Barron (913). In “A Rose for Emily”, like in “Sweat”, the male figures are characterized as being very authoritative and controlling, in the case of Emily, her father is this male figure. The narrator provides a detailed description of him next to Emily as others pictured them, as a “tableau”. “Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the backflung front door.”(909). The imagery of the father clutching the whip next to the fragile Emily against a such a pure white background brings one to see and acknowledge the dominating and controlling nature of their relationship, better than any passage of conversation ever could

Faulkner’s use of southern gothic writing style helps the reader build a mental depiction of Miss Emily. When the town sent their ambassadors to discuss the taxes that were owed, Faulkner described Miss Emily as “bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water” (2182). This description gives the reader the sense that the character is not well. Faulkner’s description that Miss Emily looked bloated achieves the desired effect on the reader to show how hideous she appears. This graphic description, combined with the author’s depressing description of the parlor (2182), makes the reader think of death. The reader gets the sense of being in a funeral parlor which helps to strengthen Faulkner’s narrative.

Isolation is portrayed in way of horror and dread for the protagonist of a story. This is the case for the protagonists in The Walking Dead: Days Gone Bye, The Others, and “Survivor Type”. In these stories a sense of horror and dread are created because in the protagonist's’ isolation, they are forced to process their current situation, then their decisions can be irrational or harmful to themselves. By the end they realize how trapped they are and become desperate to find hope or become accepting of their horrid fate.

When the term “isolation” is used, most people think of it as an action performed in solitude. It brings to mind an empty space in which one person resides, far from all others. However, isolation does not always occur in a singular sense. In “The Masque of the Red Death” by Edgar Allan Poe, isolation is used by a large population as a means of safety. In “The Thing Around Your Neck” by Chimananda Ngozi Adichie, isolation occurs among crowds of people and even in the company of someone close to one’s heart. In both aspects, isolation serves to exemplify the broken portions of life. Isolation is a destructive force and as a theme, isolation serves to exemplify a particular viewpoint and worldview while serving as both a cause and effect.

In Faulkner's story, an onlooker tells of the peculiar events that occurred during Miss Emily's life. The author never lets the reader understand Emily's side to the story. Instead, the reader is forced to guess why Emily is as strange as she is. In the story, Emily had harbored her father's dead body in her house for three days (par. 27). The reader is told of how the town looked upon what Emily had done, but the reader is never able to fully understand Emily's actions until the end of the story.

Alienation and isolation have been apparent in society since the beginning of man. When an individual stumbles outside the realm of social normality they are viewed as degradation to society or a threat to normal society.(“Truthmove” 2012) In the gothic tale of Frankenstein, Mary Shelley frequently displays the many different forms of alienation. Victor Frankenstein and his creation were two of the characters in this book that went through alienation and isolation.

“A dark and dreary night” is a well-known setting meant to chill a spine. There are many components to aid in the construction of a horrific piece of literature. Isolation and rejection, Gothic elements in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, serve to make this novel one of the ghastliest of its genre.

One of the creepiest and most corrupt parts of the Faulkner’s story is Emily’s necrophilia. Since she wanted to be with her lover, Homer Barron, she decides to marry him. She fantasizes herself living with Homer as she buys “a complete outfit of men’s clothing” for him, however Homer is “not a marrying man” (Faulkner 798). Refusing to accept this, Emily poisons and kills him in order to “live with him”, even if he is a corpse. Although the phrase loving unconditionally applies here, her love, nevertheless, is still defying the laws of ethics, and to add to the creepiness level, her “long strand of iron-gray hair” is found on Homer’s corpse, which means she had frequent visits with him (Faulkner 800). Her perverse idea of love holds no justification, thus her idea of love is wrong. Not only did she not respect

Isolation is omnipresent: in the world and among literature, as it is a component of human nature. Although, sometimes, societal standards create outcasts, isolation can be of one’s own making. Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s “The Lady of Shallot is epitomizes isolation. “Four gray walls, and four gray towers, / Overlook a space of flowers, / And the silent isle imbowers / The Lady of Shallot” (line 15-18). The Lady of Shallot is physically isolated in a tower, but upon her own accord for she fears to interact with the outside world due to a “whisper” (line 39) that said she would be cursed if she paused her weaving to look outside at Camelot. So, she observes the town indirectly through a mirror only seeing shadows. Her weaving makes her happy but soon enough, she becomes, “half sick of shadows,” (line 72). Once she hears Sir Lancelot sing, “Tirra lirra,” (line 107) she leaves her art of weaving and breaks her isolation and the curse bestows her. She had isolated herself and diligently worked on her art: it is once Sir Lancelot comes that she risks the truth of the curse.

To begin, with intent of initiating mystery in gothic stories, the locale is often portrayed as being physically isolated, triggering insanity in the characters. This idea can be demonstrated by the seclusion of the institution for the criminally