Meselson and Stahl

This paper explores the history and some interesting facts about DNA. The last couple centuries have seen an exponential growth in our knowledge of DNA. The history of the DNA can be traced back to multiple devoted scientist. This article attempts to summarize, and review the basic history of DNA while providing some fascinating information about it.

The number of repeat on Genomic DNA fragment #1 is 22 and on Genomic DNA fragment #2 is 26.

(e) The largest DNA fragment on the gel belongs to the mother of Couple B and

Sample one has nearly identical amounts of dAMP and dTMP, and of dCMP and dGMP. thus this sample could be a duplex DNA, which implies that it's 2 strands of DNA that are complementary.

2. What role did James Watson & Francis Crick play in our understanding of DNA’s structure? They discovered the 3D structure.

Boundless. “Noncoding DNA.” Boundless Biology. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Retrieved 22 Oct. 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/evolution-and-the-origin-of-species-18/evolution-of-genomes-127/noncoding-dna-512-13092/

Chapter 1: Genes can be demonstrated as “instruction books for making functional markers such as ribonucleic acid(RNA) and proteins”(Chapter 1, page 4). Distinctively, the four nitrogenous bases to code the gene of DNA is adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. In addition, Rosalind Franklin was among the primitive people to experiment with X rays as a form of molecular photography in order to learn more about DNA and its structure. The structure of DNA taught a constitutional fact about genetics; it stated that the two strands of DNA were complementary to each other. Moreover, DNA replicates in order to make new sets of

Later on through the works of Avery, Macleod, and McCarty in 1944, it became obvious that DNA is the transforming property and the substance

Experiment 1 & 2: The DNA concentration was 60 ng/µL (6.00*10^4 ng/mL). The total yield was 0.6 ng (60 ng/µL DNA /100 µL H2O). The DNA sample was divided by 100 µL instead of 25 µL of H2O because the sample was diluted 4 times.

The work of these four people led to a complete restructuring of the beliefs of the scientific community regarding genetic information. Their initial word led to further work which encompassed their hypothesis of how DNA replicates itself. From this work came the modern technologies of DNA fingerprinting and sequencing.

DNA replication is described as semi-conservative. It is semi-conservative because the replication of one helix results in two daughter helices each of which contains one of the original parental helical strands. Furthermore, it is semi-conservative because the two new daughter DNA molecules are “half old” and “half new”; this means that half the original DNA molecule is saved, or conserved in the daughter DNA molecules.

Avery, Macleod, and McCarthy took the findings of Griffith and wanted to reason why the combination of the two cells killed the mouse. The took the different parts which would cause the DNA, Protein, and RNA and eventually eliminated them one by one. After all of that, only bacteria that was exposed to the S-strain DNA were transformed. This gave the idea that DNA is what was controlling living things and was the outcome of this experiment

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Rosalind Franklin’s work on DNA was crucial in discovering the composition of the human body as a whole. Her x-ray photo revealed a double helix structure and she also discovered the A and B form of DNA. She worked through the adversity of being a female in a predominately male dominated realm and made remarkable findings that were eventually stolen. She adapted to a new lab with antiquated technology. Before this discovery, the structure of DNA was thought to be simple. Scientist, Watson and Crick, started with the wrong structure of DNA from a misinterpretation of notes from one of Franklin’s presentations. Unlike Watson and Crick, Rosalind Franklin could explain DNA and how it worked.

The process of DNA replication plays a crucial role in providing genetic continuity from one generation to the next. Knowledge of the structure of DNA began with the discovery of nucleic acids in 1869. In 1952, an accurate model of the DNA molecule was presented, thanks to the work of Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick. To reproduce, a cell must copy and transmit its genetic information (DNA) to all of its progeny. To do so, DNA replicates following the process of semi-conservative replication. Two strands of DNA are obtained from one, having produced two daughter molecules that are identical to one another and to the parent molecule. This essay reviews the three stages