preview

Methods of Cost Variability

Decent Essays

Methods of Cost Variability
The Methods * The Comparison Method * High and Low Point or Range Method * The Equation Method * The Average Method * The Graphic Method (Scatter diagram) * The Method of Least Squares * The Analytical Method or Degree of Variability Method

Illustration
From the following month-wise information in respect of semi-variable costs of a firm, segregate the cost into fixed and variable elements: Months2009 | Production (Units) | Semi Variable Cost (Rs.) | January | 200 | 2,000 | February | 150 | 1,750 | March | 250 | 2,250 | April | 300 | 2,500 | May | 400 | 3,000 | June | 500 | 3,500 |

The Comparison Method
Under this method, the quantum of output at two different …show more content…

The Method of Least Squares
This is the most accurate method to segregate the fixed and variable costs.
It is a statistical method based on linear equations. y = mx + c ……… (i)
Or ∑y = m∑x + Nc ……… (ii)
And, ∑xy = m∑x2+ c∑x ……… (iii)
Where,
y= Total semi-variable cost m = Variable cost per unit x = Volume of output c = Fixed cost element
N = Number of Observations
Taking the data given, we compute the value of ∑x, ∑y, ∑x2 and ∑xy as follows: Month | Output (x) | Semi Variable Cost (y) | x2 | xy | January | 200 | 2,000 | 40,000 | 4,00,000 | February | 150 | 1,750 | 22,500 | 2,62,500 | March | 250 | 2,250 | 62,500 | 5,62,500 | April | 300 | 2,500 | 90,000 | 7,50,000 | May | 400 | 3,000 | 1,60,000 | 12,00,000 | June | 500 | 3,500 | 2,50,000 | 17,50,000 | | ∑x =1,800 | ∑y =15,000 | ∑x2 =6,25,000 | ∑xy =49,25,000 |

Substituting the values in equation (i) and (ii), we get:
15,000 = 1,800m + 6c ……… (iii)
49,25,000 = 6,25,000m + 1,800c ………(iv)
(iii)*300 : 45,00,000 = 5,40,000m + 1,800c ……(v)
Subtracting (v) from (iv):
4,25,000 = 85,000m; or m = 5; or variable cost = Rs. 5 per unit
Now, substituting the value of m = 5 in any equation, say (iii), we can ascertain the element of fixed cost:
15,000 = 1,800*5 + 6c; or c = 1,000; or Fixed cost = Rs. 1,000

The Analytical Method or Degree of Variability Method
This method is based upon ‘careful analysis of each item to determine how far the cost varies with

Get Access