FILM LANGUAGE
FILM
LANGUAGE
A Semiotics of the Cinema
Christian Metz
Translated by Michael Taylor
The University of Chicago Press
Published by arrangement with Oxford University Press, Inc.
The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637
© 1974 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
All rights reserved. English translation. Originally published 1974
Note on Translation © 1991 by the University of Chicago
University of Chicago Press edition 1991
Printed in the United States of America
09 08 07
6 7 8 9 10
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Metz, Christian.
[Essais sur la signification au cinéma. English]
Film language: a semiotics of the cinema / Christian Metz: translated by Michael Taylor.
p. cm.
Translation of: Essais
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The term constantif, which Metz borrowed from Austin, should be rendered by "constantive" and not by "ascertaining"
(p. 25). Finally, "actor" to translate Greimas 's concept of actant is misleading and actant is usually kept (see Ducrôt and Todorov, Encyclopedic
Dictionary of the Sciences of Language, Johns Hopkins University Press,
1979, p. 224), and discours image when translated as "image discourse" is not very clear, since it is referring to film, which is made up of images.
The following rough spots occur only once each: "Unusual" (p. 5) translates weakly insolite, which has also the connotation of strange, disquieting, surprising, unexpected, and uncanny. A "slice of cinema" (p.14) would be preferable to a "piece of cinema." "Narrative agency" rather than "instance"; "de-realization"or "de-realizing" rather than "unrealizing."
"A seminal concept" (p. 58) doesn 't really render une notion gigogne
(again the idea of embedded concepts). The title of Lang 's film which is translated by The Damned is actually M. "Signifying statements" should be "semenes" (p. 26). I have not found an English equivalent for mise en grilles, which refers to a gridlike breakdown of linguistic units and which Taylor translates by "pigeon-holing"
A League of Their Own (Marshall, 1992) explicitly characterizes an American era when a woman’s place was in the home. Even our modern perspective implicitly follows suit. Although women have gained rights and freedoms since the 1930’s, sexism remains prevalent in America. This film offers an illustration when men went to war and big business men utilized women as temporary replacements in factories, sports, and so on. Here, course concepts, such as gender socialization, gender expressions, role stereotypes, emotion expressions, and language, correspond to the film’s characters and themes.
Rarely has a film impacted an audience and held the test of time as the film Gone with the Wind. I have always been curious if director, Victor Fleming and producer, David O. Selznick and screenplay writer, Sidney Howard knew what they were creating a masterpiece and how this film would have such an enormous impact on audiences for years to come. Interestingly enough there were some who thought the film should not be made, as Irving Thalberg said to Louis B. Meyer in 1936, “Forget it Louis, no Civil War picture ever made a nickel” (Ten Films that Shook the World).
Cinematic Language: The accepted systems, methods, or customs by which movies communicate. Cinematic conventions are flexible; they are not “rules”.
Often children, because they integrate into a more popular language. They do this for an economic advantage.
Director Brett Harvey documentary, The Culture High is an interesting story that takes a raw and honest look that tears into the very grit of modern day marijuana prohibition to reveal the truth behind the arguments and motivations governing both those who support and those who oppose the existing pot laws. As we ask ourselves will marijuana be legalized in our lifetime? Or is the “war on drugs” really fundamentally affecting this country? This documentary states two reasons why the information on cannabis is kept from the public, either just one joint can cause psychiatric (mental illness) episodes similar to schizophrenia (a long-term mental disorder) or the addiction and how this drug can lead to another drug. The thesis that this documentary
Eventually, I would like to get involved in the film industry. Although I am not entirely sure of which role I want to be apart of, there are many ways I can see the Rhetorical strategies applied to the industry as a whole. Considering these strategies are about communicating, and film is essentially nothing without communication, all of these have a role in the creation of movies. Understanding the audience is arguably the most important of the five strategies when it comes to filmmaking. What's the purpose of making a movie if no one is going to watch it? Movies are made for conveying messages to the audience by means of storytelling. Throughout the story you can often see the purpose through
Looking back at Casablanca in 1941, it is shocking to know that Humphrey Bogarts famous words “hears looking at you kid” was improvised on the spot. While this type of improvising is common today, it was taboo compared the structured and generic Golden Age of film (“Sorry Russell”). The studio system of the 1930s to 1960s dramatically changed the methods of film production, the types of movies made, and eventually caused its own demise.
xxi Earlier drafts made reference to the art and history of film, with references to celluloid and digital projection. By
Genres of film generally possess certain traits that define our fundamental understanding of the genre’s structure. These are referred to a genre convention. The genre of drama within film lends itself to a few fundamental ideals (Grant, 2007:10). Firstly is the concept of a grounded and realistic setting, which in essence relates to characters dealing with conflicts that could be experienced in our reality. The second ideal presents itself through the characters dealing with their conflicts, both internal and external, in what is generally quite an emotional and intense manner (Grant, 2007:21). This can also feature a growth in character, as well as a shift in status or power dynamics between characters in a film. Finally, another important ideal of the drama genre is the way in which addresses a social issue that is prevalent in society (Right Direction, 2014), such as abuse, addiction and
This is not location, although it involves the location. As B&T say, it involves the organisation of shape, textures, and patterns of light and dark. But more than this, in SF film screen space is often a fundamental element of the narrative. Space is an element that is constructed, that takes on character in film, for example, in BLADE RUNNER. It is the construction of elements within a space, within a frame that is important.
The cinematic language that we know of today would not be as it is today if we had synchronous sound recording from the beginning of film. Cinematic Language is the systems, methods or conventions by which movies communicate with the viewer. A few examples of cinematic language are; montage; mise en scene, the use of long takes, depth of field shooting in order associate people or objects; Expressionism, the use of lighting techniques, severe camera angles, and elaborate props, to name a few aspects; and realism, a technique to make the action seem as true to life as possible. The list of techniques and styles of cinematic language go on, and can only be limited by the imagination. Early films, and early sound films both had something in common; they lacked many elements of the cinematic language. The reason sound films reverted back to the same pre-cinematic style of early films, was due to the fact that they had technical difficulties, that required them to fall into the style of the old ways. I do believe that if filmmakers would have had sound from the beginning, with the same sense of movie direction they worked with, they would have used sound as a crutch rather than an enhancing element.
With Film Analysis comes the analyzation of films and movies that depict narrative structure, cultural context, the evaluation of discourse, and many other approaches. The film, “Friday” (1995), is a comedy and drama that displays the relationship between two childhood friends growing up in an impoverished neighborhood. These two friends became affiliated with a neighborhoods drug dealer, and were startled and clueless as to how they were going to come up with the money they owed him by the end of the night! The characterization, setting, and conflicts are the three main elements, in which are portrayed can indicate the analyzation of contributing a larger meaning of this particular film.
What were Edwin S. Porter's significant contributions to the development of early narrative film? In what sense did Porter build upon the innovations of contemporaneous filmmakers, and for what purposes?
There are many different types of film and film genres. A film can fit into more than one genre, but there are some genres that are more general than others. Some examples of film genre are animated, science fiction, documentary, comedy, and historical fiction. Within each genre, there are also specific characteristics that help support themes and story lines within that genre.
Article Three – Author: David Bordwell / Title of Article: The Art Cinema as a Mode of Film