million in number—that was forcibly transported South to reconstruct the plantation economy on new ground, as the center of American slavery shifted from the production of tobacco and rice in the seaboard states to that of cotton and sugar in the interior.” Between 1790 and 1860, approximately one million African Americans were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the domestic slave trade.
Even when ex-slaves wrote their own narratives, many struggled to gain full free expression and narrative authority from the restrictions of white editorial control. Solomon Northup’s experience in slavery quickly became national news after his rescue in 1853 from a cotton plantation in Louisiana. Promoted by abolitionist leaders like
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Whips, paddles, shackles, and the stocks make repeat appearances, especially in Solomon’s description of his life as a newly kidnapped free man. Stripped of his clothing and nailed to the floor, Northup endured blow after blow to his naked body after he awoke in a slave pen; his enslavers paused only to ask if their prisoner would accept his new status. As Northup recollected, it was only after the paddle broke and his enslaver seized a rope to continue beating him that Northup was finally silenced into accepting his new identity as a slave. In these scenes of brutality, Northup insisted such sadistic events were so traumatic that he could still feel them while writing.“I thought I must die beneath the lashes of the accursed brute. Even now the flesh crawls upon my bones, as I recall the scene. I was all on fire. My sufferings I can compare to nothing else than the burning agonies of hell.”
The second major theme in Northup’s narrative is the constant and unrelenting hardship of plantation work. The images that Northup captures in his descriptions of life and labor on the plantations of Louisiana depict the sheer exhaustion, monotony, and fear that each slave struggled with physically and psychologically. As Northup recalled, Northup’s rendering of the daily life of slavery captures the incessant emotional and
For hundreds of years, slaves in America were separated from their families to be sold off like livestock to their slave owners, then forced to work and live in unimaginable conditions, and viciously beaten for something as little as a task not fully being met. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, written by the self-taught, abolitionist himself, Douglass shares some light on the inhumane treatment and hardships slaves were forced to overcome in his journey to free himself both mentally and physically from slavery. Douglass appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in order to truly open his reader's eyes to the horrors of slavery, conveying his message that slavery must be abolished.
Towards evening, and soon after partaking of one of these positions, I began to experience most unpleasant sensations. I felt extremely ill. My head commenced aching-a dull, heavy pain, inexpressibly disagreeable. At the supper table, I was without appetite; the sight and flavor of food was nauseous”( Northup pg. 17). Northup was taken to his room so that he could rest, he was in and out of it all night, he was only able to recall bits and pieces of what happened that night: “ How long I remained in that condition -wheather only that night, or many days and nights- I do not know; but when consciousness returned, I found myself alone, in utter darkness, and in chains”(Northup pg. 18). Northup went to sleep a free men and woke up a slave. He could not beleive what was happening to him:”there must have been some misapprehension-some unfortunate mistake. It could not be that a free citizen of New-York, who had wronged no man, nor violated any law, should be dealt with thus inhumanly”(Northup pg. 19). As sad and unfair this situation was, it was true, Northup had been captured into slavery. A father stolen from his children and a husband stolen from his
Northup entails his early sufferings as something that is utterly impossible to describe with words. For instance, when Northup was deceived and unjustly kidnapped by slave traders, he ‘prayed for mercy, but his prayer was only answered with imprecations and with stripes’. While he has adopted the biblical values in 19th century, his religious faith and hopes were subsequently obliterated by slaveholders. His biblical faiths were supposed to console him even when he is experiencing the ‘burning agonies of hell’, but ironically his sincerity towards Christianity was answered with further pain and misery. This conjures up a vivid image that regardless of his spoken or unspoken actions, he was put into the abject condition and inevitably faced wicked actions of slaveholders. In a
The act of violence also contributes to the dehumanization and the “breaking down” of the slaves. Slaves were beaten, and whipped daily, subjected to cruel torture. Northup describes these acts of violence in his narrative very vividly.
Solomon Northup was a free African American man from Minerva, New York. In the novel Twelve Years a Salve, Northup composed a narrative about his life as a free man, and also his life as a slave. In the year of 1814 Northup was kidnapped and taken deep South, to the rugged life of slavery. After 12 years of being thrown into the slavery against his will, he rightfully regained his freedom in January of 1853 all because he came in contact with an abolitionist from Canada, who sent letters to his family about his situation.
After about nine chapters detailing his slave life, he says, “You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall see how a slave was made a man.” (Douglass, 75) He then goes on to describe the turning point for him that sparked his quest for freedom. By structuring his narrative this way, he reveals both sides- how slavery broke him “in body, soul, and spirit” (Douglass, 73) and how it eventually “rekindled the few expiring embers of freedom” within him (Douglass, 80). In doing so, he gives the reader an insight into how he became himself, and reinforces the evils of slavery in the way it shapes a man’s life. Douglass’ use of diction and structure effectively persuades the reader of the barbarity and inhumanity that comes as a result of slavery.
Moans of anguish fill the air, a man has fallen down from intense labor and is getting whipped to get back up. The man tries to get up, desperately pushing himself off the ground, yet the whip lashing into his body gives him no such opportunity. Eventually he falls flat, never to get up again. The person who was whipping him shrugged, “He was a waste of food anyways.” This was the life for a slave in the South before the Civil War. Destined to work in chains until they weren’t of use to the owner. In this essay I will prove that the North learning of the harsh treatment of slaves through the Fugitive Slave
The crops grown on plantations and the slavery system changed significantly between 1800-1860. In the early 1800s, plantation owners grew a variety of crops – cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco, hemp, and wheat. Cotton had the potential to be profitable, but there was wasn’t much area where cotton could be grown. However, the invention of the cotton gin changed this - the cotton gin was a machine that made it much easier to separate the seeds from cotton. Plantation owners could now grow lots of cotton; this would make them a lot of money. As a result, slavery became more important because the demand for cotton was high worldwide. By 1860, cotton was the main export of the south. The invention of the cotton gin and high demand for cotton changed
Both his white owner and his white protector have caused Northup to suffer unnecessarily something that will have in the back of his mind. Tibeats, of course is cruel but Chapin is negligent in his part. In the heat of the day and the physical torment, Northup’s thoughts wander to the argument that southern blacks were happy in their servitude. None of the southern slaves fed and whipped by his owner Northup says in his agony, is more content than a free black man in the North. Northup also uses this chapter as an opportunity to shame the corrupted southern legal system that denied basic civil rights to its black citizens. If Tibeat would’ve killed Northup no slave would be able to testify against Tibeat. This injustice is another of the
A Story that is sad and sickening in its own way, The way Solomon had been treated and sold into slavery was terrifying the first time you read through it. As I talk about Solomon's life in slavery, The underground railroad, and the Civil War, this is a short essay on the horrors of what people have gone through before.
The film 12 Years a Slave, an adaptation of the 1853 autobiography by a slave named Solomon Northup, depicts his everyday life after his rights and freedoms are ripped away. Through the unpleasant slave auction scenes to the sickening slave punishments, 12 Years a Slave is a heartbreaking story that unfortunately conveys the harsh truth on the issues surrounding slavery. Consequently, during the film there are many themes and events that trigger different thoughts and reactions varying between viewers, and importantly a better understanding of Solomon Northup’s story and slavery itself.
In his true-life narrative "Twelve Years a Slave," Solomon Northup is a free man who is deceived into a situation that brings about his capture and ultimate misfortune to become a slave in the south. Solomon is a husband and father. Northup writes:
Solomon Northup’s ‘Twelve Years a Slave”, provides readers with a different outlook on slavery. Northup discusses his days as a slave and the different obstacles he went through. Among the three owners he had, all of them had a different way of treating their slaves. Religion is one of the main factors contributing to how Northup is treated. This book portrays how the adoption of religion played a major role in the treatment of the slaves.
During a time of cruel punishment and harsh conditions of life as a slave in the 19th century South, there was a book that shed a light on the life of a slave unparalleled in past as well as in modern literature. That book was entitled Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup. Northup was born a freeman that was obtained from his father after being freed by the Northup family due to loyal service. Growing up in the free state of New York, Solomon was allowed an education that was rare because of the sad disposition of the majority of his race. Solomon gained much knowledge of industry and hard work from his father. As a free man of color, he enjoyed various jobs and hobbies from timber raft building to playing
There are several personal slavery narratives that account of all the horrors of slavery. An example is Solomon Northup’s autobiography, 12 Years a Slave, which provides a personal account of slavery, all the violent and gory aspects that enslavement holds, and the terrible acts of people who dishonored the attributes of a true American. Northup describes in vivid detail the dreadful actions committed against him. Published in 1853, the autobiography has lost momentum over the years, but was recently revived by Steve McQueen’s 2013 film adaptation.