Mirror Neuron In Autistics

In the early 1900’s autism was a completely misunderstood concept and any child who was living with it was assumed to be living with “childhood schizophrenia” and developed much slower than children without autism. A four year study of Donald Triplett gave Dr. Kannar a better understanding of what autism was and what it caused certain people to do. The main question was, does it affect the child’s development? Living with autism can affect a child’s development due to the fact that they don’t have a long attention span, can cause them to have a repetitive behavior, along with trouble in social situations whether it be verbal or non verbal.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a growing problem throughout the entire globe. Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined as deficits in social reciprocity and communication, as well as unusual, restricted and repetitive behaviors (Lord). Such behaviors may include running back and forth, excessive cleaning, noises, and clapping. These also vary greatly with age and ability, and the notion of ASD has been introduced to recognize these diversities (Firth). Autism was first discovered in 1943 when Leo Kanner observed 11 children with several common traits such as, impairments in social interaction, anguish for changes, good memory, belated echolalia, over sensitivity to certain stimuli (especially sound), food problems, limitations in spontaneous activity,

Some of the characteristics of those who have autism consist of repetitive thinking and compulsive attention in things like symbols, languages and numbers. The cause of autism is not yet known as of now, however, many people consider it a genetic disorder which takes place at birth. Christopher Boone has one specific form of autism known as Asperger’s syndrome, his disorder is reflected through his fascination with mathematics, detail, astronomy and colours; his thoughts on routine and violent hatred to interaction, even though it is not specified in the book. In 1943 Leo Kanner a psychiatrist published a paper surrounded around the research of 11 young patients that fit into a fine variety of diagnostic principles that he measured out to be autistic. During Kanner’s career he has seen fewer than 150 cases that go with the description he came up with of the syndrome, he theorised that autism was very unsupported and rare. Autism turned out to be a foundation of embarrassment and several of those who were diagnosed were certified; in the 1970s everything started to change (Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Simons Foundation, n.d.). Hans Asperger and Leo Kanner both used the word autism, in the 1940s when they were doing

Scientists started to "explore the concept that regions in our brain once thought to activate only our own activity or sensations are also firing what are known as mirror neurons, when we witness someone else perform

Lawrence fiddled with a toy while listening to the radio. After the broadcast was over, he softly mumbled something, though he generally kept to himself. I listened closely since his autism typically prevented Lawrence from stringing even two words together. He had recited the entire radio program, virtually word for word, even mimicking the tone of the broadcaster's voice. My jaw dropped. At that moment I knew that I wanted to learn more about Lawrence’s autism condition so that I could help him grow, but I also hoped to dedicate myself to studying the brain both from a physiological and psychological standpoint.

In a research project monitoring the brain waves of a child observing a task and completing a task, it was found that the two sets of brain waves were almost identical. However, when testing an autistic child, it was found that two different sets of brain waves were created. This research suggests that autistic children have a lower number of mirror neurons, which would help explain their deficiency in social interaction, imitation, and empathy.

Temple Grandin is an inspiration to all. Autism spectrum disorders are caused by abnormalities in the brain that affect the neurodevelopmental system. Temple tells in her interviews that she is an autistic who thinks in pictures. I tried doing this for a couple hours before writing this paper. I am sure that it is not confusing to Temple, but I would invite anyone to try it who is not autistic.

Another trait he observed in the four children was that they had a certain interest that they were obsessed with in a sense and it dominated their conversations with other people. He called the condition “autistic psychopathy” he said it was a personality disorder that’s main symptom was social isolation. Asperger’s wasn’t widely known until 1981. Children with Asperger’s (AS) will get a huge amount of information about whatever their favorite subject is. These people who have AS aren’t able to always control the volume of their voice based on the environment surrounding them, e.g., libraries, movie theaters, etc. Also, a wide selection of children with AS are very active as young kids. But then as a young adult they begin to be depressed or anxious.

suspected a neurological fault, he could not find proof and suggested initially that autism might have been psychogenic. His initial findings convinced

"Many years ago, I watched a young boy rock back and forth as he worked a crossword puzzle. I tried to distract him from working the puzzle to ride bikes with me. I continuously asked him to play with me, but he kept staring at the puzzle while I attempted to look in his eyes. He took the puzzle apart and flipped the pieces in the air, one at a time. He did not speak, but he made crying noises. The more I asked questions or talked to him, the louder his cries became. As his frustration grew, he balled his fists up, punched his eyes, and kicked his feet. I was curious about his activity. I was later told the boy {my brother} was autistic," says Tamara Robinson in an interview.

Although the control of action in humans is fairly well understood, the processes that underlie action understanding from observation are much more unclear. In general, action understanding refers to the ability to recognize the purpose of an action performed by another person (Hickok 2008). Two prominent theories exist to explain this phenomenon. The first posits that action understanding is an inferential process that integrates contextual clues to determine the goal of a movement. In contrast, the second theory asserts that action understanding arises from the simulation of the observed action in the motor areas of the viewer (Brass et al. 2007). While the inferential process theory enjoyed a period of general acceptance, the

Many people who don’t know what autism is would think that it’s a new issue in modern society, but it has become far more predominant today compared to previous years. The term autism comes from the Greek word “autos”, meaning “self”. The word autism was first used in 1908 by a swiss psychiatrist named Eugene Bleuler. He used it to describe a schizophrenic patient who had withdrawn into his own world. However, the innovators into autism research were Hans Asperger and Leo Kanner. While they were not working together, they were both doing studies during the 1940s. Leo Kanner, an American child psychiatrist, started by studying the behaviors of 11 children. What he discovered in their behaviors are both pros and cons. The pros are that they had good intellectual potential and can recollect things relatively well. Nevertheless, the cons are difficulty in socializing, adapting to change, repeating words, just to name a few. Kanner referred to their condition as Kanner’s syndrome, which was later named Early Infantile Autism. Similarly, Hans Asperger also studied a group of children that mimicked Kanner’s descriptions. One thing that’s different from Asperger’s research compared to Kanner’s research is that the children he observed did not have echolalia as a linguistic problem because they spoke like young adults. Additionally, Hans did mention that the children he evaluated were clumsy and had difficulty with fine motor skills. Hans Asperger described the milder form of autism

I wanted to research the differences between typical brains and people with autism spectrum disorder brains. I wanted to research this topic because I learned a lot of symptoms of autism but I was clueless about what it was doing to the brain. This topic relates to both books, The Autistic Brain by Temple Grandin, and The Teenage Brain by Frances Jensen. My topic related to these topics because in Temple Grandin's book it talked about the strengths and weaknesses of people with autism and how to counteract those weaknesses and make them into strengths. In Frances Jensen´s book, it talked about how the brain worked, how information was sent between synapses from different parts of the brain to communicate what was happening. Although autism

One out of every sixty-eight children are born with Autism Disorder each year, which majorly affects brain development. This paper will help those who read have a better understanding of this disorder and everything that goes along with it. Autism is a general term for a group of complex disorders of brain development. These disorders are characterized by, in varying degrees, by difficulties of social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors (Autism Speaks, 2016, p. 1). The commonality of Autism has increased in the last forty years due to increased awareness, improved diagnosis, and just a better general understanding of the disorder.

In 1943, an American psychiatrist named Leo Kanner used the word “Autism” to describe the behavior of a group of children he studied (Mandal, 2014). Studies state that, “Leo Kanner systematically observed a small group of children with a condition he called Infantile Autism, launching the scientific study of autism” (Thompson, 2013, p. 81). The group of children Kanner examined in his studies displayed characteristics such as complications in social interactions, hardship with adjusting to changes in their day-to-day routines, and echolalia. In 1944, Hans Asperger also studied a group of children who shared similar characteristics with the group of children Kanner studied. However, the children Asperger studied did not have echolalia but generally struggled in the area of motor skills. Furthermore, the concept of the influence parenting skills has on Autism was studied and argued by psychologists Bruno Bettelheim and Bernard Rimland. Bettelheim suggested that cold behavior from mothers towards their children may be the cause of Autism and Rimland who was also a father of a child with Autism disagreed with Bettelheim’s statement. In the 1980’s, more people believed that parenting skills did not cause Autism