Leo Kanner's Theory Of Autism Spectrum Disorder

In the mid 1900s, psychiatrist Leo Kanner and a pediatrician Hans Asperger used the same word “autism” for a condition where children had deficits in socializing and forming contact. Stemming off the greek word “autos” meaning self, Kanner stated that autistic children had good cognitive potential yet they had islets of ability meaning their intelligence was focused in silos. There was an assumption that autistics were incapable of intelligence and were mentally disabled. Later, Laurent Mottron discredited the theories that autism is caused parents or “refrigerator mothers” and shed light on the fact that neurotypicals lack the abilities of autistic savants. The view of individuals with autism is skewed and as Amanda Baggs shows in her vivid video describing her behaviour, it

Autism is the main form of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism is a developmental disorder that is manifested in problems with communication, impairment of social functioning, and repetitive behaviours. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), ASD diagnoses must meet four different areas of criteria. There are three symptoms of "deficits in social communication and interaction across contexts," four symptoms of "restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities," "symptoms must be present in early childhood," and the symptoms must "together limit and impair everyday functioning" (Carpenter, 2013). There are many theoretical positions on the causes of autism spectrum disorders. Some of which have been discounted by empirical studies that have been researched and performed.

The term Autism has been used for over one century. Early 1900’s the term Autism was used to refer to children with some social or emotional symptoms that cause those children to be isolated from others. Since Bleuler, E. from Switzerland in 1911 [3] until present days researchers has done tremendous efforts in: diagnosing, treating, and recording their researches.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is the umbrella diagnosis for all disorders ranging from Asperger’s to autism itself. There are varying degrees of autism, and people can describe this as being “on the spectrum”. Autism is a mental disorder that is characterized by difficulty in both communication and with forming relationships with peers (Autism Speaks). Researchers believe that before the pattern of symptoms now known as autism existed within societies, people did exist with this disorder but were instead classified as mentally retarded and deemed insane (Bettelheim). Autism itself was not named a disorder until around the year of 1943 by Leo Kanner when he published a paper describing how he had noticed a certain pattern of symptoms within children who had previously been diagnosed as either disturbed or mentally insane

According to ASHA (American Speech and hearing association) “Autism Spectrum disorder(ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors”. Throughout history the definition of Autism has changed from not including social aspects to including social aspects. The definition of ASD is not the only thing that has changed, technology has followed suit. Experts can now detect and diagnose at a faster rate than ever before, allowing parents to watch for signs that point to autism. Informing parents faster can positively aid in how a child develops emotionally, physically and socially. Properly detecting and diagnosing is imperative being

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a relatively new diagnoses within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-5) created by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). ASD is a combination of multiple disorders that were deemed to have similar criteria and therefor too difficult to adequately give different diagnoses. The original discovery and diagnostic criteria for autism was by Leo Kanner around 1943 and remained unchallenged for the next two decades (Verhoeff, 2013, p. 449). Since then the topic has received a large increase in research on etiology and significant changes of the

The purpose of this research paper is to reflect on the understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in depths. Autism Spectrum Disorder is categorized as a set of complex neurodevelopment disorders that accompany repetitive and specific patterns of behaviors along with difficulty with social interaction (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes [NINDS], 2015). This research paper will discuss Autism Spectrum Disorder in several aspects such as definition, symptoms, cause, diagnosis, treatment and relatable disorders.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the name for a group of developmental disorders. ASD is a complex disorder and each individual that suffers from it has a unique set of conditions. The symptoms of individuals with ASD vary in severity. (Lilienfeld et al., 2017, p. 603) The autism spectrum includes classical autism, Asperger 's syndrome, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). These disorders all involve social and communication difficulties, as well as repetitive behaviours and narrow interests.

“Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development.” Those with autism may have a number of difficulties such as in social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that have lifelong consequences. This paper will discuss how it is found in people, what the effects are, the levels of autism, and how you can help those with autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication together with demonstration of restricted, repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behavior and interests (American Psychiatric Association; APA, 1994). Delay in numerous different skills such as cognition, social, motor, play and adaptation are prevalent among many children with ASD. (reference)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), also referred to as “autism”, is characterized by defects in verbal and nonverbal communication, social interactions, and atypical behaviors. The word autism is from the Greek word autos which means “self”. As the name “Spectrum” suggests, the degree of severity spans a wide range and varies by each individual. Research on this disorder dates back to 1911 when Eugen Bleuler first coined the term autism while referencing patients with schizophrenia who were “socially withdrawn” (Parks 88). Every decade the amount of individuals diagnosed with ASD rises. The Centers of Disease Control estimated about 1 in 150 children have autism. But, in the past autism was seen in 4 to 5 children per 10,000

The little boy who is constantly clapping his hands, humming his favorite song, and is seemingly enjoying the world much more than the rest of us, is one of many children in the United States with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism or ASD is a spectrum disorder, meaning that it has a wide range of ways that it affects each person. While every child diagnosed with autism encounters different personal challenges, many share similar difficulties with social interactions, communication skills, appropriate behavior, and empathy. The American Academy of Pediatrics estimated that in 2007 over 673,000 US children had ASD (Prevalence). As more children in the US are being diagnosed with ASD, it is important to understand the contributing factors, learn the early signs, and recognize how to effectively treat this disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the early years that affect a person’s ability to communicate and interact with others. ASD is defined by a certain set of behaviors and is a spectrum condition that affects individuals differently. However, in 1943 psychologist Leo Kanner studied a group of 11 children who had unusual behaviors that made them different from other children with other disabilities. Kanner in 1943 notice that children with Autism spectrum disorder had special needs. Some of the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder that he observed were having an inability to relate to other people, they also have delayed speech and language development, failure to use developed

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined in the DSM-V as a disorder that has impairments in all three areas of social communication (DSM-V, 2013). Social deficits is a major component to anyone diagnosed with ASD, because of this there is a

In previous years, individuals with mental health disorders were treated very poorly because society believed that people with mental disorders were possessed by demons (Szasz, 1960). Many years later, people started to realize that these individuals were not possessed but had problems in which they were unable to control. There are many types of mental disorder, such as autism spectrum disorder. According to Oxford dictionary, autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental illness that is characterized by impairment in social communication and interaction and repetitive or restricted patterns of behaviour and thought. In the following paragraphs, we will be looking at the evolution of autism. From the theory of “refrigerator mothers”, to