Mitral Valve Replacement Research Paper

A doctor may also suggest treatment later in a person’s life, if the disease worsens. If a cardiologist suggests medical treatment, two options include: Mitral Valve Repair or Mitral Valve Replacement. “If the patient chooses to have Mitral Valve Replacement, he or she should find a surgeon who satisfies three criteria; the surgeon should have a 90 percent or greater rate of successful repair, should have an extremely low rate of death from surgery (less than 1 percent) and should be proficient in operating with less invasive approaches, if your surgeon cannot provide these sorts of numbers, you need to move to another” (Gillinov 326). By reconnecting valve leaflets a surgeon can perform Mitral Valve Repair (mayoclinic.org). A surgeon can also remove excess tissue from the valve for a repair (mayoclinic.org). “The traditional approach to most aortic valve problems is to open the chest, remove the old valve, and sew in a new one” (Gillinov

A heart valve allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart. Tissue heart valves are harvested from pig heart valve or a cow heart sac. These tissues are treated, neutralized, mounted on a frame or stent so the body will not reject them. A tissue valve lifetime is 10-15 years. An advantage in a tissue heart valve replacement is that there are fewer requirements for anticoagulation therapy which reduces an incidence of bleeding. Mechanical heart valves are made out of pyrolytic carbon and last up to 20-25 years. A mechanical heart valve requires warfarin anticoagulation therapy and there is a risk for bleeding (Silberman, 2008).

How is our feeling now? I know how nervous you are. But, don’t worry about it because many of surgical patients feel nervous or anxious somehow before their surgery. By the way, I need to ask something about your background if you don’t mind. Have you ever been diagnosed with any health problems? Are you living with someone? I would like to know about your habit too. Are you a smoker? Do you drink? How many cigarettes and how much alcohol do you roughly smoke and drink per day? You know what? Evidence shows the strong connection between smoking and drinking, and heart disease. The way I see it, this situation can be caused by those habits. Are you willing to refrain from smoking and drinking? I will give a brochure about how to quit those habits later. Now, would you mind if I explain to you about adverse effects of smoking and drinking? As you probably know, smoking damages lung tissues, but it is also harmful blood vessels. In terms of drinking, people who are drinking excessive amount alcohol regularly are more likely to have a high level of cholesterol in their blood. And cholesterol can clog up the blood vessels, so this can be a cause of heart attack and stroke. The point is that smoking and drinking is definitely bad for your health and this is the best opportunity to keep these habits away from you. We can more discuss about the way of smoking and drinking cessation after your operation if you like. Any

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is caused by a myriad of complications including, ischemic, infectious and degenerative changes in the valve structure. (Huether, McCance, p. 628) This alters the function of the mitral valve causing it to bulge backwards into the left atrium. (Huether, McCance, p. 628) MVP can lead to mitral regurgitation (MR) in which the blood flows backwards or is regurgitated into the left atrium. MVP can be single leaflet or bilieaflet prolapse referred to as SiMVP and BiMVP. (Nordhues, B.2015)

The ideal prosthetic valve that combines excellent hemodynamic performance and long-term durability without increased thromboembolic risk or the need for long-term anticoagulation does not exist. Choice of operation and the prosthesis used for those patients undergoing valve replacement is important for each individual patient and ideally should be made together by the patient, cardiologist, and surgeon.

Every year about five million Americans with a heart valve disease. Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the heart valves does not function properly. Your heart has four valves that keep the blood flowing in the correct direction. In some cases, one or more of the valves don't open or close properly. This can cause the blood flow through your heart to your body to be disrupted. These factors change the shape or flexibility of once-normal heart valves. The cause of congenital heart valve disease isn't known, but in some cases it occurs before birth as the heart is forming. Your heart valves lie at the exit of each of the chambers and maintain one-way blood flow through your heart. When the ventricles are full of blood after each

Provision of carbohydrate-rich clear fluid 2 to 3 hours of surgery have been shown to decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting, as well as improving preoperative comfort of patients (Brown & Heuberger, 2014).

You’ll be under general anesthesia during the surgery, which will take about 30 to 60 minutes for completion.

Artificial heart valve is a device implanted in the heart of a patient with valvular heart disease. When one of the four heart valves malfunctions, the medical choice may be to replace the natural valve with an artificial valve. This requires open-heart surgery. Valves are integral to the normal physiological functioning of the human heart. Natural heart valves are evolved to forms that perform the functional requirement of inducing unidirectional blood flow through the valve structure from one chamber of the heart to another. Natural heart valves become dysfunctional for a variety of pathological causes. Some pathologies may require complete surgical replacement of the natural heart valve with a heart valve prosthesis [34].The mid twentieth century kick started the

The surgery that Kelly underwent is meant to reduce the difficulty that she experiences when breathing. One of the issues that may be of potential risk for Kelly would be the risk of excessive bleeding/haemorrhaging post-operatively. Usually bleeding is normal after surgery and with Kelly it was evident that there is moderate oozing from the surgical site (nose). That is why it is necessary to monitor as the chances of bleeding is higher during the next 24 hours post-operatively (Hun, Dutton, 2015). Risk for infection, can be one of the problems that can occur as well, especially if the patient is diabetic, have weak immune system and if you are a smoker as these can delay the healing process (Medline Plus, 2017). Decrease in oxygen saturation level (currently on 93%). This could be due to the oxygen saturation reduces because of the immediate consequences of the operation. However, the reduced activity of the body might affect the breathing rate, thus interfering with the supply of oxygen to the vital organs (Gulanick & Myers, 2013). Acute pain, is one of the nursing diagnosis too as Kelly’s pain score post-op was 2/10. Increased pain can occur if the one or more of these diagnosis were presented. Adding to the nursing diagnosis, would be nausea and vomiting as this could be due to the effect of anaesthesia. Kelly may

Avoid sleeping on your arm and the side of your body that are affected by your procedure. Do this for as long as told by your health care provider.

The Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC) is an organization that overlooks the TAVR trials and has met twice in San Francisco and Amsterdam and proposed a standardized endpoints for the TAVR clinical trials.58,59 The purpose was to standardize post-operative complications of TAVR such as myocardial infarction, stroke, bleeding complications, acute kidney injury, vascular complications, prosthetic valve performance, other complications related to prosthetic valve, and mortality. Other post-operative complications noted with TAVR are malpositioning, valve migration or embolization, conversion to open surgery and need for pacemaker implantation.60 VARC also proposed some clinical benefit endpoints: exercise performance, assessment of New York Heart Association ( NYHA) functional status, and various quality of life and frailty questionnaires. VARC recommended using CPK-MB as a periprocedural marker for myocardial infarction and required >20% increase with the second sample with elevation of a minimum of 10 times the upper limit of normal.

The artificial heart can be a temporary structure that is places till that patient receives a heart transplant. That time also allows to regain their health before their transplant. In the United States there is a shortage of donor hearts. Around 4,00 people

There is a such thing as a heart valve disease. All four valves can be stenotic (hardened, restricting blood flow); the conditions are called tricuspid stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, mitral stenosis or aortic stenosis. Valvular insufficiency. Also called regurgitation, incompetence or "leaky valve", this occurs when a valve does not close tightly. A heart valve is a heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart. The four valves commonly represented in a mammalian heart determine the pathway of blood flow through the heart. A heart valve opens or closes incumbent on differential blood pressure on each side. A heart valve is the aortic valve and the mitral valve are the most commonly replaced valves. Pulmonary

VICs are also the essential components of the intrinsic repair system of the valve and respond to local tissue stress. 5 The constant motion of the valve leaflets, and connective tissue deformations associated with that movement produce damage to which the VICs respond in order to maintain valvular integrity.6 This regenerative process appears to be vital to normal valvular, and the absence of VICs in current prosthetic heart valve models is a probable factor contributing to structural failure.