Q. Explain Monopolistic Competition among firms for a particular industry. Draw graph.
Monopolistic competition
The model of monopolistic competition describes a common market structure in which firms have many competitors, but each one sells a slightly different product. If there was no differentiation, the competition would turn into perfect competition. In effect, monopolistic competition is something of a hybrid between perfect competition and monopoly. Comparable to perfect competition, monopolistic competition contains a large number of extremely competitive firms. However, comparable to monopoly, each firm has market control and faces a negatively-sloped demand curve. Monopolistic competition as a market structure was first
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5. A central feature of monopolistic competition is that products are differentiated. There are four main types of differentiation:
1. Physical product differentiation, where firms use size, design, colour, shape, performance, and features to make their products different. For example, consumer electronics can easily be physically differentiated.
2. Marketing differentiation, where firms try to differentiate
Economic analysis of a monopolistically competitive industry is more complicated than that of pure competition because:
Monopolistic competition involves many firms competing against each other, but selling products that are distinctive in some way. For instance, stores that sell different kinds of apparel; eating places or markets that sells a variety of food. You can even think about sporting goods and alcohol. These are items that may be similar to a certain extent, but totally different in terms of perception because of the brands, and how they are marketed. When merchandise is unique, firms can have a mini-monopoly on a certain style or a certain brand. However, the companies that make these products have to compete with other brand names. The term monopolistic competition captures this mixture of mini-monopoly and tough competition.
There are many models of market structure in the field of economics. They include perfect competition on one end, monopoly on the other end, and competitive monopoly and oligopoly somewhere in the middle. In this paper, we will focus on the oligopoly structure because it is one of the strongest influences in the United States market. Although oligopolies can also be global, we will focus strictly on the United States here. We will define oligopoly, give key characteristics important to the oligopoly structure, explain why oligopolies form, then give an example of an oligopoly in today’s economy. Finally, we will discuss the benefits and costs in this type of market structure.
Monopolistic competition and Oligopoly are considered imperfectly competitive markets that are a result of few to many firms offering differentiated products. Differentiation of products impede substitution, which allow producers to earn higher than normal profits and thereby enhance shareholder wealth (Byrd, J., Hickman, K., & McPherson, M., 2013). Oligopolies are highly interdependent, with actions of one firm will resulting in a reaction from another. The interdependence results in higher efficiency as a necessity to compete with rivals. According to Claessens "greater development, lower costs, enhanced efficiency and a greater and wider supply resulting from competition will lead to greater [financial] access (2009).
A. perfect competition and monopolistic competition B. duopoly and imperfect competition C. duopoly and triopoly D. monopolistic competition and oligopoly
There are four types of market structures: Monopolistic Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly, and Perfect Competition. Monopolistic Competition is also known as competitive market. In this market structure, there are a large number of firms that produce similar but somewhat differentiated products for the same target customers. The market share is also divided among large number of firms making it difficult for one firm to become the market leader. On the other hand, Monopoly is a type of market structure in which only one firm controls the whole industry. There are strict barriers to entry for new firms due to governmental restrictions or the monopolistic power of the firm itself. In Oligopoly, the whole industry is dominated by a few large scale firms that set prices, introduce innovative products, and use heavy campaigns to attract buyers. All other small scale firms follow the changing market patterns set by these oligopolistic firms. Lastly, perfect competition is a market structure in which there are a larger number of firms that produce similar as well as differentiated products for
Perfect competition is an idealised market structure theory used in economics to show the market under a high degree of competition given certain conditions. This essay aims to outline the assumptions and distinctive features that form the perfectly competitive model and how this model can be used to explain short term and long term behaviour of a perfectly competitive firm aiming to maximise profits and the implications of enhancing these profits further.
A market is defined as an institution that brings together buyers (demanders) and sellers (suppliers) of a particular good or service. A Market structure is the relationship among the buyers and sellers of a market and how prices are determined through outside influences. There are four different types of market structures. Two on opposite extremes, and two comfortably in the middle. On one end is perfect competition, which acts as a starting point in price and output determination. Pure competition is when a large number of firms sell a standardized product, entry and exit is very easy, and an individual firm cannot control the price. On the other extreme end is Pure monopoly. A monopoly is characterized by an absence of competition, which will often allow one seller to control the market. A Pure monopoly is essentially the same thing, but also includes near impossible entry and no substitute goods. Two more common market structures are monopolistic competition and oligopoly. Monopolistic competition has a large number of sellers producing different products, while an oligopoly has only a few number of sellers producing similar products. All in all pure competition, pure monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly are all unique market structures with differing characteristics, but have one main goal, profit maximization.
As mentioned before, the market structure follows both perfectly competitive firms and monopoly forms of structure. Short-run, the industry functions like a monopoly while in the long-run, the industry functions more like a competitive firm.
n perfectly competitive industries, there are such a large number of firms, each producing such a small proportion of the industry’s output, each firm cannot, by its own independent action, affect the supply or the price. The degree to which firms can influence the price of their product through their own strategy depends upon market structure. Perfectly competitive market structure is a market situation where there arelarge number firms producing a homogeneous productand there are large numbers of byers demanding the same products. In such a market every firm considers that it can sell any amount of output at the prevailing market price.Similarly, there is no restriction for the byers to purchase any amount from the
A. Competitive factors which have four basic (related to what holds something together and makes it strong) forms of competition: total/totally/with nothing else mixed in competition in which every company has the same product in whose office is more conveniently located or who offers extended hours needed by the patient. Second is (related to one company having too much power) competition in which many sellers compete and have substitutable products when for example many of the community doctors participate on the panel of both competing plans and the small price changes might lead to a (related to people who use a product or service) move/change from one plan to the other. Third position is oligopoly where a few companies control a majority of the industry sales. The final is (one company that controls too
Monopolistic competition is a market situation in which there are many buyers along with a
Monopolistic competition is defined as, "a market structure in which many firms sell products that are similar but not identical" (Econ UIUC). The demand for monopolistically competitive firms is downward sloping. This is because there are free entry and exit within the market structure. Monopolistic competition exists in the short run and in the long run. In the long and short run firms want to produce where their marginal revenue is equal to their
The main purpose of this report is to introduce four market structures – perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly, and their determinations of price and output. It also discussed the possibility for firms to generate profits in the short-run and/or in the long-run within these four market structures. It will be shown in the discussion that both monopolistic and oligopolistic firms are able to generate profits in both short-run and long-run, while firms in perfect competition and monopolistic competition could only make profits in the short-run but not in the long-run. In the last section of the report, it provided a case of a Chinese monopolist in the railway service industry and talked about its pricing strategy when studying the monopolistic inelastic demand curve.