Moral Education and Emotional Lying
There is a long tradition, fathered by Aristotle and recurring like some recessive gene in recent virtue theorists, that holds that the emotions, like acts, must be 'trained'. Consider the following:
[In Beckett's portrayal,] "Emotions are not feelings that well up in some natural and untutored way from our natural selves, that they are, in fact, not personal or natural at all, that they are, instead, contrivances, social constructs. We learn how to feel, and we learn our emotional repertoire. We learn emotions in the same way that we learn our beliefs — from our society." (Nussbaum 1990, p287)
"Emotions, in Aristotle's view, are not always correct, any more than beliefs or actions are
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The problem arises, however, when we consider two agents: Agent X acts in accordance with social demands, or, does not act (also in accordance with social demands) while considering this merely a means to ensure such social harmony as he can get. Agent Y exhibits or does not exhibit emotions also in accordance with social demands, while considering this also merely a means to ensure social harmony. Neither Agent X nor Agent Y 'believe in' what they are doing, in any sense deeper than the wish to conform to reasonable social demands.
We can portray this situation as follows:
Agent CA conforms with respect to acting.
Agent CE conforms with respect to 'emoting'.
Agent BA 'believes in' his acts.
Agent BE 'believes in' his emotions
Are Agents CA and CE not on equal footing with agents BA and BE as regards ethics, for better or worse?
Apparently not. There is widespread dislike of Agent CE as a hypocrite, an accusation rarely hurled against Agents CA, BA, or BE. Even Williams (1973, p224) states that simulating emotions one does not feel could be 'misleading, even deceitful'.
Agent CE is in a bind: if he responds as society dictates, he is a hypocrite; and if he does not, he is a misfit or (in extreme situations) a 'psychopath'. Agent CE has been 'trained' in the sense that he knows what is expected of him, and does it; and his motives are those of prudence. However,
One of the best defences put forth by Solomon to explain that emotions are rational is that emotions changes in regard to new information, and as a persons opinions change regarding a situation8, which are often fluid and unfixed. Therefore, according to Solomon, because emotions can be changed by an individual, they are rational. Furthermore, Solomon points out that one cannot experience the feeling of anger without choosing to be angry. (He does however, make a concession to being able to pretend to experience a feeling). To further explain how emotions are rational, Solomon argues that we can have incorrect emotions, just like we can have incorrect actions. Solomon writes “it is possible and not unusual to misidentify what one is angry about.”9 Like choosing an incorrect social action (a faux pas at social gathering), one can choose the incorrect emotion for the situation, such as feeling angry towards someone in a setting due to an inconvenience, when politeness would work better, or misinterpreting friendliness for attraction.
sought when making difficult decisions, the code of ethics paves a clear pathway for an
Deception According to Hyman (1989) deception implies that an agent acts or speaks so as to induce a false belief in a target or victim. Deception can occur in everyday life. Whether it is telling someone they look nice or not telling them that they look fat. This is an important process for forming relationships and general social interaction.
Attempts to define “emotion” have proved to be rather difficult. Instead of searching for a comprehensive definition, Gross (2011) describes the three core features of emotions. First, emotions occur when an individual decides that a situation is relevant to his or her goals. Second, emotions are multi-faceted, and involve both subjective and physiological experiences, as well as behaviors. The third feature involves the authoritative nature of emotions. They have the powerful ability to interrupt ongoing processes, assert their priority over other activities, and force their way into awareness. For example, some traditions describe emotions as “disorganized interruptions of mental activity” (Salovey & Mayer, 1989). Emotions are such an
Our parents raise us hoping for us to develop certain character traits, but there comes to a point when we start to become our own person based on the experiences we go through, any situation, good or bad, can influence our personality mentally and emotionally. Emotion is what makes us human, it's how we cope and how we manage our crazy lives’. When our feelings get damaged or even nourished, it will change how we react
“When the individuals feels the community reels. ”(Huxley Chapter 6 page 94) In the world state, their reason behind removing emotions is because they feel that it can cause problems within the community which is true but only to a certain extent. Lenina said this quote to let Bernard know that feelings can cause within problems within the community when in actuality they don’t. Emotions is what eventually caused Bernard to take action and ask Lenina out on a date.
People typically have all sorts of emotions depending on the situation. A time when someone's emotion rubbed off me was when I went to take my Comptia A+ certification test. This test was supposed to be a stepping stone towards my degree but when I got to the testing facility, all the confidence that I had seem to have evaporated into thin air the second I saw a couple of people walking out expressing how tough it was. The tears in their eyes, their shaky voice, and the people who they're with telling them that there's always next time. After seeing and hearing all of that, even I couldn't help but be emotional on how I was going to do. The good was is that the second the test started, my confidence came back as I remembered all those long
Imagine you’re being chased by a thug down the street, what do you do? Would you be strong and face the thug or would you be a coward and let him attack you? Richard Wright, a young boy, was just walking down the street to buy some groceries, when a couple of thugs jumped him for his money(Complex Sentence). In Never Fall Down, The Rights to the Streets of Memphis, and Deep Survival, to survive, you need to show none of your emotions, be strong, and be adaptable.
Endeavoring to take out human emotions from something that clearly involves a great deal of “humanity” is something that is not possible. Take the case of John in the Good Samaritan experiment, where a man is calling out to him for help. John might be the kindest man alive, but there’s little to do if John simply does not feel like helping the man. Sure, the odds of John actually helping the man; especially of he’s the kindest man in the whole wide world, is pretty big, but it does not deal with the fact that John might not just want to lend a hand. He might have had a wonderful day or a miserable one, but if John doesn’t want to help, then John doesn’t.
In my opinion I prefer to feel emotions even if no all of them are good, instead of being like an object that doesn't feel anything. The price that people paid in order to have a stable community is very high and it doesn't worth it. Values are
Construction and human-made structures are frequently featured throughout a number of texts related to dreams. This commonly used theme of “structure” is more of a sense of reality. This theme prevails itself in both Angela Carters “The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman” and the reading “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” by Lewis Carroll. This theme also illustrates itself in Nietzsche’s reading “On Truth and Lying in an Amoral Sense” which discusses the cathedral of concepts and societal structure as a whole. These constructive and human-made structures that have regressed in the readings throughout the semester symbolize a sense of reality and society as a web. In both dream-texts and in fiction texts this reoccurring theme of societal
Our actions are caused by our motives, but we are free to choose whether or not we are going to act on these desires. Since our motives are either good or bad, our expectation of others help us put pieces together behind their motive. Additionally, making connections between two conjoined events and creating a law of truth inside of out head helps us make an arrangement of moral ethics and defines our right versus our wrong. I completely agree with Hume when he says people own a range of emotions. I feel that individuals have always behaved as a result of certain emotions and motivations. There is a great deal of variety in human action, even when motivation and circumstances are the same. And although I agree that every ill is an essential part of benevolent system, I do not comphrend why we doubt our observation and not the
The question of what constitutes morality is often asked by philosophers. One might wonder why morality is so important, or why many of us trouble ourselves over determining which actions are moral actions. Mill has given an account of the driving force behind our questionings of morality. He calls this driving force “Conscience,” and from this “mass of feeling which must be broken through in order to do what violates our standard of right,” we have derived our concept of morality (Mill 496). Some people may practice moral thought more often than others, and some people may give no thought to morality at all. However, morality is nevertheless a possibility of human nature, and a
WHO CAN CATCH A LIAR?’ , Ekman and O’Sullivan, 1991. What is the definition of lying or indeed deception? Well deception can be defined in many ways, but it was termed by Vrij (Vrij, 2000, p.6) as a successful or unsuccessful deliberate attempt, without forewarning, to create in another a belief, which the communicator considers to be untrue. Telling lies is a daily life event, which varies in quite complex ways depending on the situation the person is in and the person being lied to.
213). As a whole, society tends to mirror the emotions of the person who is speaking or of the person who is playing a part. If a person goes to a play and the actors are experiencing fear, than the people who are watching the play will tend to experience that same fear. If one actor is mad at another actor, than the people watching the play will either experience that same emotion of anger or they will side with the other actor and experience the emotion that the other actor is feeling, whether it be uncertainty about why the other actor is mad at them or a feeling of sadness because the other actor is mad at them. Imitating others emotions happens all the time in society and as long as there is communication between people, whether it is verbal or nonverbal, this catching of emotions will continue.