Moultrie Creek Treaty Case Study

Despite that, the United States government told the Indians that they would not invade their lands. They soon heard that the Indians had fertile land and decided to allow settlers to move west. “After hearing tales of fertile land and a great mineral wealth in the West, the government soon broke their promises established in the Treaty of Fort Laramie by allowing thousands of non-Indians to flood into the area.”. (Victoriana) To make more land available to the settlers the government had to make reservations that would separate the Indians from the whites. In exchange for the Indians moving to

The Treaty of Hopewell in 1785 established borders between the United States and the Cherokee Nation offered the Cherokees the right to send a “deputy” to Congress, and made American settlers in Cherokee territory subject to Cherokee law. With help from John Ross they helped protect the national territory. In 1825 the Cherokees capital was established, near present day Calhoun Georgia. The Cherokee National Council advised the United States that it would refuse future cession request and enacted a law prohibiting the sale of national land upon penalty of death. In 1827 the Cherokees adopted a written constitution, an act further removed by Georgia. But between the years of 1827 and 1831 the Georgia legislature extended the state’s jurisdiction over the Cherokee territory, passed laws purporting to abolish the Cherokees’ laws and government, and set in motion a process to seize the Cherokees’ lands, divide it into parcels, and other offer some to the lottery to the white Georgians.

On March 4, 1817, General Andrew Jackson explained to President James Monroe that the Indians were U.S. subjects. He also explained that subjects should not have to negotiate a treaty, and that taking the land should be a right of the United States upon the Cherokees. In his "First Annual Message to Congress," Monroe declared the beginning of a future plan to remove the Indians, claiming that, "The hunter state can exist only in the vast uncultivated desert." On March 29, 1824, John C. Calhoun told Monroe that the growth of the Cherokee civilization and knowledge is the result "of the difficulty of acquiring additional cessions from" them. In late 1824, in his annual message to Congress, Monroe proposed that all Indians beyond the Mississippi River be removed. He sent word to Congress proposing removal three days later. Monroe said his suggestion would protect Indians from invasion and grant them with independence for "improvement and civilization." Force wouldn't be necessary, because Monroe believed Indians would freely accept western land free from white encroachment. In his "Plan for Removing the Several Indian Tribes West of the

The Creeks were faced with a similar situation as the Chickasaws after they signed a treaty in 1832 thinking that the United States government would protect the small portion of land that they had left. Once again, the government backed out of their promise when they refused to protect the land against the white population in Alabama. The Creeks revolted by stealing the settlers’ food and animals, and even setting fire to their buildings. Eventually, the Secretary of War declared that they be removed with military force, causing them

In 1831, the Cherokee nation went to court against the state of Georgia. They were disputing the state’s attempt to hold jurisdiction over their territory. Unfortunately, because they are not under the laws of the constitution, the Indian’s right to court was denied. It was not until 1835 that the Cherokee finally agreed to sign the treaty, giving up their Georgia land for that of Oklahoma.

The whole point of the meeting was to come to an agreement over disputes of land claims between colonies and Indian nations including the Iroquois. Though, through trickery, the Iroquois had ceded to the colonies land “from sea to sea”.2(p. 187) This meant land from the Ohio Valley all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Needless to say the Indians involved were disappointed and angered.

The Treaty of Moultrie Creek in 1823 stipulated that the Seminoles would surrender any land claims within Florida in exchange for official protection by the United States, monetary funding, and a large reservation located in central Florida. The location was designated far enough inland

In Document J, he said, “Surrounded by the whites with their arts of civilization, which, by destroying the resources of the savage, doom him to weakness and decay, the fate of the Mohegan… is fast overcoming the Choctaw, the Cherokee, and the Creek…. Humanity and national honor demand that every effort should be made to avert so great a calamity.” and “...I suggest for your consideration… setting apart an ample district west of the Mississippi, and (outside) the limits of any state or territory now formed, to be guaranteed to the Indian tribes as long as they shall occupy it, each tribe having a distinct control over the portion designated for its use….”. It is evident that Jackson understood how much devastation white men have unleashed upon the various Indian tribes and that he intended to prevent any further disaster which is what the people wanted. Jackson proposed his solution, the Indian Removal Act to Congress which set aside guaranteed territory for the Indian tribes.

this was a national requirement that had all Indians removed from the east to over the appalachian mountains. Jackson had very little sympathy for the native americans as a frontier settler. In the earlier years of the U.S. the white settlers had come in conflict with the Indians. The U.S. had multiple treaties with the so called “5 Civilized Tribes”. This included the Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Seminole. The treaties they had said they get their land and are provided with food, money etc. and they can not be pushed out. though these were placed Andrew Jackson wanted them out of the east and put in the Indian land in the west. the Native Americans were angry and went to the supreme court were it was proved it was illegal to force them out but even this couldn’t stop Andrew jackson from getting rid of the Natives. Jackson decided to even use military force to get them to leave there was even a trial where the natives walked that the whites called the “Trail Of Tears”. Many whites were ashamed of how the Indians were treated, some even lead protest in D.C. In 1836 more than a thousand of the natives from the Creek tribe refused to leave Alabama so they were Bundled up in handcuff and sent west. Four thousand Natives died during the long walk to the west Territory. One soldier that participated in the removing of the Cherokee said “It was the Cruelest work I have ever knew” Giving some inside detail on just how sad it

Andrew Jackson stated in a message to congress, “It will incalculably strengthen the southwestern frontier enough to prevent future invasions”(Document C). Jackson wanted there to be a solid border in this southern territory of America. This would allow the U.S. to be prepared against attacks. If Indians still occupied the area, they-or other armies- could approach undetected. Another political argument for the removal was that it was in obedience with the

This is mentioned where it states, “ The great president will not allow his white children to take our community away.” In this evidence we see how the cherokee were addressing the president at the time letting him know that they had signed treaties and therefore the president should protect them from the white people. President Jackson on the other hand “ he believed that Native Americans had no legitimate titles to their land and should be removed from all of their lands east of the

It was signed by Jackson in 1830. It was passed because some greedy states wanted to capture land of Indian tribes. The government wanted land on east of Mississippi, so they asked Indians to take the land on the west in return to the land on east. The act wasn’t supposed to force Indians to leave their ancestor’s land. The Cherokees, Chickasaws, Creeks, Choctaws, and Seminoles were called “Five Civilized tribes” who adopted Christianity as wells as started getting educated. Andrew wrote in his ‘First Annual Message to Congress, 8 December 1829’that removal of Indians, “ …will relieve the whole State of Mississippi and the western part of Alabama of Indian occupancy, and enable those States to advance rapidly in population, wealth, and power”(Jackson). Treaties in 1830 and 1832 removed Chickasaws and Choctaws from the Alabama. In 1836, Creeks were removed from west of Mississippi and Seminoles from Florida. The Cherokees took the matter the court; but, weren’t able to win the case and had to move at the end. Between 1832- 1837, the United States captured 190 million acres land from Indians. The removal of Indians was

Many migrated south looking for better crop lands and game overhunted in the north, and to escape wars with Euro-Americans and enemy Indians. This paper will demonstrate that by the time of the U.S. occupation of Florida, government officials did not simply impose the common term Seminole on all Florida Indians as an inherited practice from former British and Spanish occupiers. Seminole resistance and treaty negotiations forced government officials to recognize a single Indian group, giving Florida Indians an identity they used to establish a sovereign status. Some Florida Indians preferred to maintain their Creek identity; others, especially those of a different heritage, embraced the Seminole reference to make a clean break from Creeks to affirm their own

Cherokee rights were also decreasing. They were no longer allowed to have businesses; they couldn't testify against the white in court, and they were prohibited to mind for the gold. Majjor Ridge and his family had decided that enough was enough and that they should just retreat from the area. John Ross on the other hand had decided that the Indians should continue to fight for the land because they were there first. Tragically for the Indians, the 1835 Treaty of Echota was illegitimately signed and approved saying that all of the Indians were to move to the west side of the Mississippi River in exchange for five

and push the Indians further west, a prospect he saw no problem with. By getting