Napoleon 's Reign Over Italy

Napoleon Bonaparte was a great leader until he took his power too far. He helped France get out of their debt and also won multiple territories from winning wars. He continued to strengthen France with his great leadership and military strategies. Eventually, though, he began to abuse his power. He proceeded through a war, without forfeit and experienced a great defeat. During his time of power Napoleon was a paradox. Napoleon’s fall from being a great leader taught us that, sometimes when people get too used to having so much power and authority, they may abuse their powers to a large extent.

3.2~ The Reign of Terror was a point in time during the French Revolution in which Maximilien Robespierre attempted to live in “republic of virtue”, which didn’t end well for France. For instance, Robespierre ruled as a dictator in terms of remaining loyal to his duties. Also, another example would be his decisions which impacted his reputation along with his overall personality as a whole. First off foremost, Robespierre didn’t feel pity for his subjects and during the Reign of Terror, 40,000 people were killed for non-existent purposes. Furthermore, one person got executed due to the fact that he accidentally chopped off a tree which was quite significant to the empire, however, Robespierre was very careless and continued with his

Italy’s problems started with the fact that it didn’t have one main ruler, but two people and a concept, resulting in a different approach to the unification. Gulseppe Mazzini had a radical program focusing on a centralized democratic republic based on universal suffrage and the will of the people. Vincenzo Gioberti, who was a catholic priest called for a federation of existing states

Few humans have ever come as close to ruling over the entirety of Europe as Napoleon Bonaparte did. As the end of the French Revolution drew near, Napoleon Bonaparte did not hesitate long to create policies that kept him in power. With such power, it was certain that Napoleon would use it to influence to people all over Europe. Napoleon’s impact on the people of France and Europe, who he affected through propaganda, his ideas of nationalism and patriotism, and a codification of laws, was a very long-standing and resilient ideology that was mostly prevalent during the French Revolution.

After the Congress of Vienna Italy consisted of six separate states. Controversy over whether or not Italy should be unified stirred up during the mid to late 1800’s. The unification of the Italian states was an ongoing debate for quite some time. During the years of the debates people found the unification to be positive change, a negative change, and some had different opinions for their own certain reasons.

While expanding his empire, Napoleon promoted certain enlightened ideologies; however, Napoleon’s self glorification corrupted his enlightened principles. Napoleon’s military and political success undoubtedly established him as the ultimate despot, but the prominence of Napoleon's self exaltation hindered his progress as an enlightened figure. Napoleon’s actions politically and militarily were all fueled by his insatiable desire to self exalt. Napoleon was assuredly the greatest ruler of his time, but his need to self glorify undermined his enlightened policies.

The Italian Unification was a political and social movement where the different states of the Italian peninsula were to combine into a single Italy. The Italian Unification occurred close in time to the German Unification, which occurred only one year later. The Unification of Italy was a widely controversial topic discussed by many italian citizens and leaders during the 19th century. Many people destined for Italy to be unified as one country, a country that they considered to be stronger overall when compared to the individual countries, and would also create a new national identity and rid Italy of civil problems, like wars and revolutions that were occurring at the time. Others despised the ideas of Italian Unification, jumping ahead

1815 after the fall of Napoleon, the concert of Concert of Europe and the Congress of Vienna the conservative forces of Europe restored Italy back to its pre-napoleonic ways to make French invasion harder and to stop Italy's liberalist and nationalist movements. Austria was given direct control over Lombardy and Venetia and controlling some northern states indirectly. Many of these restored governments tried to stop the Italian unification. Ferdinand I ruled Naples and Sicily suppressing freedom of speech. In the Papal States used inquisition and torture to stop nationalism and liberalism.In 1820 a revolution in Spain triggered a revolt in Naples. Ferdinand I agreed to grant a series of laws but Metternich worried about the success of the

After the debacle of the election of —— where Jefferson was finally voted President after the 32nd vote by the House of Representatives. Though the United States was a fairly new country, Jefferson was looking to expand the country, and therefore, hopefully, Republicanism. Unbeknownst to Jefferson at that juncture another man was looking to do the same for his country, France. Bonaparte had become the new leader in France, and was trying to find how to make the most money the fastest. He looked to Haiti, where France had grown their sugar empire and Bonaparte was looking to get the most out of their export by increasing the amount of sugar grown and exported. The solution was to find land that would allow France to grow food to provide to Haiti, while all of Haiti was used to grow sugar. They look to Spain, who had most of the land in the “New World”/North America and asked to purchase Louisiana from them. The King of Spain at the time beleived this to be a good deal, considering Spain did not have many people living in the area and thinking it would provide a buffer of sorts to protect the lands where they do have more people and resources (Texas westward and down into what would become Mexico). So he made the deal with Bonaparte and France acquired Louisiana. However, while that deal was being struck, Haiti was going through a Revolution, where educated free blacks who only make up 7 percent of the population worked with the slave population (making up 90 percent) to come together and oust Europeans. Despite great success in Europe, the French Army was no match to the Haitian rebels, and Bonaparte was losing control. At this time Jefferson had got news about what was happening and had sent two men to ask Bonaparte to sell them just one small area of Louisiana, New Orleans, for 10 million dollars. This came as a surprise to Bonaparte, who thought he had just lost it all with the purchase of this land. So he countered with a proposal of selling all of Louisiana for 15 million, and it was agreed upon.. Not everyone was so keen as to give Jefferson, or anyone from his Administartion any credit for gaining this massive amount of land in the Louisiana Purchase. Instead many criticized how the deal was struck,

In Italy at that time, nothing was entirely stable, and rulers where always changing, and the government was never standing firm

Napoleon Bonaparte is one of the land generals in history whose legacy lives to date. His story is one of the greatest stories in European history. He was born off the Island of Italy as a son of a minor noble. When he joined the French army, he quickly rose to higher ranks and gained power that made him become an emperor in control of France and conquered most parts of Europe (Lyons, 1994). He did this out of his skills and abilities that put him in a good position to seize favorable conditions to his advantage. During his life, he showed different good principles from which anyone can learn from, but also exhibited traits that have been common among dictatorial leaders who abuse the powers vested on them.

Napoleon was someone that raised out of the humiliated of France. Due to the Seven Years’ War with Great Britain it puts France in a financial crisis. This led to a political crisis since the government needed money to pay off the loans from countless short-term, high-interest loans from private sources. To pay off completely the loans the government started higher taxes. Nobles and clergy were largely exempt when the peasants had to carry the burden of most the tax burden (Session 6, Mr. Rozenman). These events lead to King Louis XVI and Queen Marie- Antoinette detest.

In 1629–1631, a new outburst of plague claimed about 14% of Italy's population. In addition, as the Spanish Empire started to decline in the 17th century, so did its possessions in Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, and Milan. In particular, Southern Italy was impoverished and cut off from the mainstream of events in Europe.In the 18th century, as a result of the War of Spanish Succession, Austria replaced Spain as the dominant foreign power, while the House of Savoy emerged as a regional power expanding to Piedmont and Sardinia. In the same century, the two-century long decline was interrupted by the economic and state reforms pursued in several states by the ruling élites. During the Napoleonic Wars, northern-central Italy was invaded and reorganised as a new Kingdom of Italy, a client state of the French Empire,[57] while the southern half of the peninsula was administered by Joachim Murat, Napoleon's brother-in-law, who was crowned as King of Naples. The 1814 Congress of Vienna restored the situation of the late 18th century, but the ideals of the French Revolution could not be eradicated, and soon re-surfaced during the political upheavals that characterised the first part of the 19th

Napoleon had already been marked as a prominent pig because he had a reputation of getting things his own way. By being active in the debates, he received much attention and notice from the animals. He also garnered support from those who agreed with his views but were unable to express themselves. Thus, he became a representative of these animals.

The Carbonari, in 1820, participated in a revolt in Naples against King Ferdinand’s government where the peasants and even the royal troops took part. Terrified of the revolting people, King Ferdinand vowed to give all adult males the vote through a constitution. However, he had no intention of doing this and did not grant adult men the vote. Ferdinand told the Congress of Laibach that he had been forced to grant change and requested the Austrians to help regain order within his country. Metternich sent the superior Austrian army into Naples where they easily overcame the rebels. The savage treatment of his people caused uproar and in 1821 the peasants took over Turin, the capital of Sardinia-Piedmont, causing the king (Victor Emmanuel) to relinquish his role and hand power to his nephew, Charles Albert. Victor’s brother, Charles Felix was unhappy with Charles Albert acting as Victor’s replacement and asked Metternich to help him stop the revolts. The Austrian Army marched in again and controlled the peasants but Charles Albert was forced to flee due to his promise of change to the rebels. There were more revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States in 1831 led by the Carbonari but yet again the Austrian army quelled them. Also, when Charles Albert reclaimed power in Sardinia there was hope he would support liberal ideas but he left people disillusioned by his cowardice in not supporting reform so not to