Where separate nations, people groups, and political systems exist, many differing economic policies and ideas exist as well. All of the world economic ideologies consist of different focuses, morals, and processes of creating the ideal economic system. Each ideology uses different methods and ideas that conflict with the others, but these ideas can also overlap and be consistent in many areas. Four major economic ideologies are neoliberalism, Evangelical internationalism, and Alternative globalization. Each of these ideologies has many differences and contradictions with one another, and yet according to critics on both sides, they each have their flaws as well. Whereas the idea of neoliberalism is based on privatization, free market, …show more content…
Evangelical Christian groups, such as the International Justice Mission (IJM) and Concerned Women for America, aim to fight against anti-trafficking and White Slavery, or forced prostitution (Bernstein 2007, 403). Before Evangelical Internationalism came about, these Christian groups took a much more isolationist view, where they focused mainly on traditional religious values. These groups were thought to have a specific sexual agenda in their missions to rescue women forced into prostitution and slavery. These groups use the term “slave” instead of “sex worker,” although many of the women in the industry do not see themselves as slaves (Bernstein 2007, 405). Although the new view is anti-capitalist and pro-social welfare, within this older Isolationist view, many people associated these Evangelical groups with having neoliberal ideals. For example, many critics said that this Evangelical fight against slavery had become a way for the groups to advocate for their own religious agendas (Bernstein 2007, 407). For example, when U.S. President Bush passed the “charitable choice” law that government funds would help these Evangelical groups, many people were under the impression that the lines between the secular state and religion were being blurred (Bernstein 2007, 406). Later on, when President Bush cut off all funds from Brazil’s AIDS program, these questions seemed to be answered, and major protests erupted across the country in response to the U.S. religious agenda, along with the neoliberal agenda of the Washington Consensus (Amar, 438). However, after a clear shift from this Isolationist view to an International one, different mechanisms shifted society from repressive, into a much more empowering one (Bernstein, 430). This new view is seen as a “new
Neo-liberalism is associated with economic liberalism whose campaign support provides economic liberations, free trade and open markets, privatization, deregulation and promoting the role of private institutions present in new society. Classic liberalism criticizes the neo-liberalism objective of introducing liberalization to bring about gradual increase of wealth and freedom among nations, however, classic liberalism explains that instead of realization of wealth and freedom, liberalization resulted to constant fight proposals that threatened the progress of achieving wealth and freedom among nations. Neo-liberalism aimed to prevent and control monopoly situations such that if there are no bodies
American culture was built on the idea of progress. Our society has focused on creating new technology, advancing the current systems, and these forces thrust the world towards globality, a world where countries are increasingly interconnected. To be clear, globalization isn’t a new phenomenon, but the technological advances of the postmodern era accelerated the path to globality, a world in which our current ideas of national borders are significantly different, much more fluid. Economics is just one facet of globalization, but unmistakable in the chosen image. Economic globalization refers to the complex system that our
Global Political Economy is essentially a study of a political battle between the winners and losers of global economic exchange. In fact, understanding global economy relies on a clear knowledge of the process of political competition. Political power possessed by actors regulates economic activity and in turn this creates the basis for and affects political power. Through, critical analysis of the concept of global political economy it becomes clear that there are three prominent theories that form GPE, mercantilism, economic liberalism and Marxism.
President George W. Bush is known as a born-again Christian and framed the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in response to his religious base (Jappah, 315). President Bush’s PEPFAR efforts improved the United States health care infrastructure and institutional capacity with a premeditated aim to change sexual practices and behaviors. PEPFAR collaborated with Nigerian government agencies, local and international non-governmental organizations and faith-based organizations (FBOs) as well as United States government agencies and universities to implement HIV/AIDS relief programs (Jappah, 2013). The enactment of global AIDS relief by the Bush Administration was partly in response to pressure from evangelical Christian groups in the United States to respond to the epidemic (Jappah, 2013). President Bush’s HIV/AIDS response had religion as a factor to PEPFAR creation as Political Scientist R. Pereira (2011)
The United States is not unique in its current wave of “Charismatic Christianity” that has dominated social and political discourse. Evangelical ideology is on the rise in Brazil, even Rio, a previously liberal city, recently elected an evangelical mayor. What distinguishes this movement from the American one is that now some of the city’s best known drug dealers claim to be spreading the message of the gospel as well.
Often time people think of neoliberalism as a philosophy that links to the US since it is the most dominant economy power that is proud of its freedom to trade. However, Peck, Jamie (2014) described the word neoliberalism
One of the learning objectives as outlined by the course syllabus is to understand the role that ideology, values, and a worldview play in determining social policy. It is evident that these factors mixed together with my background influence my perspective and lens through which the world is understood. Therefore, this section of the paper will briefly summarize how my ideology, values and worldview distinctly conflict with the fundamental frames of neoliberalism, which emphasizes decentralization, individualism and cost/benefit results.
Neoliberalism is an economic and social theory that idealizes the free market, free trade, deregulation, and privatization of virtually every part of social and economic life. Proponents of neoliberalism use the power of the state to protect the rights of capitalists and open up new opportunities for commerce while undermining mechanisms that safeguard the most vulnerable members of society. Neoliberal policies are based on the following key themes: maximizing profits by driving down labor costs; dismantling the welfare state and social protection programs; revolutionizing fiscal policy to promote the free market; shrinking federal domestic spending and transferring that responsibility to states; expanding the national security state or militarization;
However, the term Globalization became more popular in the last four decades. Hyper-globalist to the right believe that globalization is the upcoming economic, political and cultural order. This view does not exist at this time and is very unlikely to ever exist but many share still believe in this view. The Neo-liberals on the right see globalization as an ideological plan. Neo-liberals believe in letting free markets rule and everything else will follow towards improvement. Neo-liberals recognize that level of improvement has not been reached and they believe more globalization is needed in order for more improvement to
Neo-liberalism is a political ideology that suggests that ‘human well-being can be advanced by the maximisation of entrepreneurial freedom, characterised by private property rights, individual liberty, free markets and free trade’ (Geografiskar, A 2006). In today’s modern society neo-liberalism is widespread around the globe with various stakeholders offering conflicting views. Some advocates, namely the capitalistic portion of society argue that a liberal market is
Throughout the past century, the modern international system has been characterized by dominant practices in all of its distinct sectors. In the economic sector, capitalism has been a key economic activity since the 16th century in the form of mercantilism (Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2014). Since then, capitalism has evolved to become the principal economic model in the modern international system in the form of neo-liberal capitalism. For this reason, it has been shaping, and continues to shape, societies on a global scale.
In this article, David Harvey presents the concepts and the impacts of Neoliberalism. Harvey believes neoliberalism is the best way to advances entrepreneurial freedoms through values such as private property rights, individual liberty, and free trade. He argues neoliberalism is taking over today world and become the global standard or the set of rules. “Neoliberalization has in effect swept across the world like a vast tidal wave of institutional reform and discursive adjustment, and while there is plenty of evidence of its uneven geographical development, no place can claim total immunity (with the exception of a few states such as North Korea). Furthermore, the rules of engagement now established through the WTO (governing international
The markets trading goods, and services have created a constant hum of activity including governmental agencies and services which governments provide and whether to continue those services to the public have been the focal point of fair trade economics through the perspective of Milton Friedman. Traditionally interconnected with International Policies the policies of Friedman and the Chicago school of thought have had significant NEGATIVE impacts on the quality of life and accessibility to basic services. Through the policies of ALEC (American Legislative Exchange Council countries across the world have experienced the back lash of extreme neoliberal policies exploiting the poorest of countries and people for the profit of white wealthy business men often collaborating with members in ALEC. Supporting this argument of extreme neoliberal policies since the 1970’s starting with the signing in of Nixon and later cabinet member Donald Rumsfeld writers such as Michael Foucault explains how such political influence can negatively effects not just American lives but everyone one and thing on the earth. Finally concluding the acceptance or allowance of such policies through legislative practices to push extreme radical policies through during time of Shock through the perspective of Naomi Klein. of such and political intersecting of international global markets like the Middle East or Central America. Fighting political economies waiting for the perfect storm extreme measures
Liberalism is another concept that has significant arguments regarding international relations. Liberal economics have determined the shape of the monetary system and support the concept of open markets, where individuals have the freedom to engage in commerce. Unlike realists, liberals oppose mercantilism and the zero-sum game much like the countries in NAFTA. This disagreement is the cause of many disagreements during the NAFTA negotiations. If countries are able to work together and trust one another to attain power, conflict is less likely to occur and overall economic wealth for countries can be gained. Through free trade, the goal is to have a decreased amount of wasted resources on inefficient production because the more individuals that engage in this collective use of resources the more likely the system would become efficient and acquire heightened economic gains such as wealth. ) Finally, there is the liberal institutionalism perspective which approves of regimes and international organizations. Utilizing these rules through rapid growth of regimes, regulate economic affairs, determine which activities are allowed and disallowed, and assure that
The main gist of these free-market reforms have been captured in the Washington Consensus ideas. The neoliberal era refers to a period during which these believes were widely upheld and respective reforms were introduced. In the developed countries it is most often Ronald Regan in the United States and Margaret Thatcher in the United Kingdom, who are presented as the main neoliberal agents. The international economic institutions (IMF, Worldbank and WTO), which conducted structural adjustment programmes are often seen as those that imposed these reforms on the developing world.