Neurolinguistics Assignment

This trend was also prevalent in the right hemisphere for bilinguals however not seen in monolinguals (x = 56, y = -53, z = 42; Z-score = 3.4; P<0.001). Voxel-based morphometry revealed that overall proficiency correlated negatively with age of acquisition (P<0.01; r=-0.855) and second-language proficiency correlated with grey-matter density in exactly the same left inferior parietal region previously identified by a different study (x = -48, y = -59, z = 46; Z-score = 4.1; P<0.05). (Mechelli, 2004)

|  Episodic memory is recollection of specific events;  Semantic memory is the recollection of general knowledge and facts.

In the story,” The right side of Tim’s body was paralyzed and he was having great difficulty trying to talk”. Thus, it suggests that the left hemisphere of Tim’s brain suffered during his stroke, because language processing occur more in the left side if the brain. In general, the left hemisphere concentrates more on tasks that require verbal competence, such as speaking, reading, thinking, and reasoning.

Specifically, right-sided hemiparesis involves injury to the left side of the brain, which controls language and speaking (aphasia). People who have this type of hemiparesis may also have troubles in understanding what people say and/or problems talking. In some cases, excluding left and right sides in the body. (Weiss T.C.; 2010)

The left side of the brain is normally tasked with controlling speech and understanding language. So, if a stroke affects the left side of the brain, it is possible for it to affect that person's ability to speak or to understand what is being said. This is part of a condition known as aphasia.

During my reading this an article, I found some information in this an article pertains to Right Hemisphere Stroke: A Victim Reflects on Rehabilitative Medicine book. For example, Johnson could recognize, even understand isolated words but when they come together in a sentence, Johnson would have difficulty dealing. On the other hand, the article presented that the respondents only presented higher difficulties in sentence formulation. This supports the premise that this tool is highly sensitive to language production. It also reflects the hypothesis that the right brain performs a complementary role to the left brain, with the execution of more complex tasks, such as formulating words with two or more target words, readily influenced by reduced

Some scientists believe that parts of long term memory are permanent while others will eventually weaken over time. (3) Long term memory can be divided into three sections: procedural memory, declarative memory, and remote memory. Procedural memory includes motor skills such as learning how to ride a bike or how to drive a car. "Such memories are slow to acquire but more resistant to change or loss." (4) Declarative memory is used to remember facts, such as names, dates and places. It is easy to learn but also easy to lose. Finally there is episodic memory, which is the record of events that a person stores throughout his or her experience. Recent studies show that these events, as soon as they occur, are sent to a temporary part of the brain called the hippocampus, and that over time they are moved to the neocortex for permanent storage. (5).

The researchers learned so much about the three areas that support the language development in the human brain. Having the technology, the researchers can monitor activities in the brain while using language. There is parts of the brain that can let us use language more ways than we can imagine. The important area of the brain is the Bronca which has an important part for our speech. This is located at the left part of brain by the frontal part. This controls our tongue and lips which help dictation and the pronunciation of words. If we did not have this, it would be impossible to speak without interpretation of what is being said. On the other side of the Broca’s area is the Wernicke’s area. The location for this is in the rear on left

A client who is 65 years old and right handed demonstrates receptive aphasia manifestations after a left posterior superior temporal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobe infarct. Knowledge about the anatomy and function of the nervous system comes in handy to explain his characteristics. Given that the client is right handed the laterality explains that his language is dominated by the left hemisphere, which is where the lesion occurred. It is estimated that “90% or more of neurologically normal right-handers are left-hemisphere dominant for language” (Loring,et al., 1990). The middle cerebral artery which circulates blood to the entire lateral surface of the brain especially the language cortex was affected in this client during a stroke. (Bhatnagar, 2013). The brain is compartmentalized into areas for processing specific

Episodic memories are specific events that are stored in order of sequence. Thy are usually considered important until they are replaced with something newer. For example I am able to remember the last time I went to the movies. because I consider it more important than going to school I have the tendency to remember it more

Episodic memories are memories of a specific event in your life. With episodic memories, one is able to recall specific details from a certain event in life. These memories can be of any event such as a birthday party, a trip, or the day you got your first dog. An episodic memory that I quite often recall and can replay and tell the story like it was yesterday was Christmas of 2009 when my mom and dad surprised me with a trip to Disney. This memory will forever have a place in my memory because Disney was always a place that I heard was truly magical and I would give up everything to go.

The brain has two hemispheres. "Lateralization" is when some brain function occurs mostly in one of those hemispheres. For example, for most people, language tends to be largely left-lateralized. Localization is the idea that some specific cognitive function happens mostly in one specific part of the brain. Broca's area and Wernicke's area are good examples of that. Most neuroscientists understand that the brain operates as a big circuit and so while a certain area of cortex might be particularly important for some cognitive function; you can tell that by examining what happens when an area is damaged by a stroke or injury; look up Broca's aphasia or Wernicke's aphasia, no brain area operates all on its own. The human brain is divided into

According to the study, episodic memory, which represents our personal memories of past experiences, “allows individuals to project themselves both backward and forward in subjective time.”

For thousands of years right handed people have made up about 9 out of 10 people. There are correlations between what hand you write with and language. People with who are right handed tend to use have language abilities in the left hemisphere of their brains. People who are left handed also have language abilities in left side of their brains some of them also have these abilities in the right side, or both sides at the same

Many people and researchers believe that the left brain and the right brain dominance theory are myths. Each side of the brain controls different types of thinking many are said that if your left brained your more logical, analytical and objective. If you’re right brained your more intuitive, thoughtful and subjective. After many researches the brain is not split into thinking halves as people think they say that the brain works better if it thinks together. Neuroscientist know that the brain works together to perform a wide variety of tasks and they communicate through the corpus callosum, which is a wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates the communication. The research of the left, right brain dominance is very much outdated; it’s more of a historical interest. This in saying the myth is that right- handed people are left brain dominance and left- handed people are right brain dominance. Klingberg, T (2008) notes, “The working research of the brain has evolved and changed over time as researchers have learned more over time about the working of the brain.”