Neuroopathic Pain

The most widely used clinical classifications for pain are based on the inferred neurophysiologic mechanisms, temporal aspects, etiology, and region affected. Usually described as nociceptive or non-nociceptive, and by duration, either acute or chronic.

Pain can be categorized as acute or chronic pain. Chronic pain is described as pain that is both long-term and continuous, or is pain that persists after the expected healing time following an injury (British Pain Society, n.d.) Acute pain can provide a warning signal that an illness or injury has occurred. It is defined as pain that lasts less than three months and lessens with healing (Briggs, 2010). Acute pain can then be described in more detail by the following categories; somatic, visceral and neuropathic pain. Somatic pain is a localized pain described as sharp, burning, dull, aching or cramping. It is seen with incisional pain and orthopedic injuries or procedures. Visceral pain refers to an injury to the organs and linings of the body cavities. It produces diffuse pain and can be described as splitting, sharp or stabbing. This is pain that be described from patients with appendicitis, pancreatitis or intestinal injuries and illnesses. Injuries to the nerve fibers, spinal cord and central nervous system cause neuropathic pain. This pain can be described as shooting, burning, fiery, sharp, and as a painful numbness. This can be seen after an

Chronic pain has four mechanisms. Nociception is a neural signal of threatened or damaged tissue, and is the classical pain pathway. Central pain states are thought to be caused by abnormal activity in neurons in the afferent pathway. The mechanism for this is not completely understood, and a person may perceive pain where there is no tissue damage. Behavioral pain is communicated by a

“Pain is much more than a physical sensation caused by a specific stimulus. An individual's perception of pain has important affective (emotional), cognitive, behavioral, and sensory components that are shaped by past experience, culture, and situational factors. The nature of the stimulus for pain can be physical, psychological, or a combination of both.” (Potter, Perry, Stockert, Hall, & Peterson, 2014 p. 141) As stated by Potter et al, the different natures of pain are dealt with differently depending on many factors. Knowing this, treating pain can be very difficult as there is no single or clear cut way of measuring it; “Even though the assessment and treatment of pain is a universally important health care issue,

Acute pain is a sudden onset of an unpleasant sensation and is usually sharp in quality. It serves to alert the body that something is wrong. There are many factors that could cause acute pain such as surgery, broken bones, dental work, burns, cuts, labor, or childbirth to name a few (Acute, 2014). Pain is the response triggered by the nervous system in response to tissue damage or damage to the body. Microscopic pain receptors, called nociceptor, within the skin register this occurrence and become active and begin sending electrical signals through, depending on the type of pain, either A-delta or C nerve fibres . This signal is passed from neuron to neuron through the spinal cord across junctions called synapses. Eventually this signal reaches

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), is a result of an abnormality or impairment within the central or peripheral nervous system. There are two types of CRPS, CRPS I and CRPS II. CRPS I is often a result of tissue injuries which do not involve nerve damage. CRPS II is the same as CRPS I but with nerve damage. Though doctors are not positive what the cause is, however they speculate that some triggers to CRPS include damage done to nerve fibers that carry pain signals and dilated or leaking fluid from blood vessels into surrounding tissues (NINDS, 2015). This syndrome often affects an extremity, to include arms, legs, hands, and/or feet. The most common symptoms which can occur are

In order to fully answer this question, it is important to understand the definition of pain. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage” (Mersky and Bogduk ed 1994). The physiological function of the pain sensory system is protective in nature, to shield the body from actual or potential tissue damage. Pathological pain, on the other hand, is described as “spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia, that persist for years or decades after all possible tissue healing has occurred” (Coderre et al 1993).

Sean Mackey is a M.D, Ph.D, the current Chief of the Division of Pain Medicine, as well as a Redlich professor in several pain and brain related sciences at Stanford. Doctor Mackey leads the research at the Stanford Systems Neuroscience and Pain Laboratory focusing on the dissecting chronic pain and how it effects the nervous system. The SNAPL has also attempted to map out the brain and regions in the spinal cord that understand pain in order to treat these occurrences of chronic pain on a personal level (Stanford Medicine Bio). In order to solve these problems he is mainly explores the effects of different injected drugs, such as Lidocaine, Ondansetron, and Botulinum Toxin, for ameliorating effects or help in linking how different responders

Specific receptors are stimulated for us to feel this type of pain. These receptors sense changes in temperature, vibration, stretch, and chemicals which damaged cells release. "Nociceptive" means causing or reacting to pain - the cause of the pain comes from outside the nervous system, and the nervous system reacts to it. "Non-nociceptive" means the pain comes from within the nervous system itself.

The syndrome can range from manageable to disabling and difficult. About one-third of patients tend to get better over time. About one-third can be managed with treatment, and about one-third continue to struggle with pain that affects their quality of life. There is some evidence that chronic pain and sensory abnormalities do decrease over time. Unfortunately, there are very few studies looking at the natural history of pain duration of individual neuropathic pain syndromes. Most are retrospective studies using data combined from all sources of pain following surgery. The key takeaway for primary care providers is that PMPS is a real and common problem for many women after mastectomy. This is a neuropathic pain syndrome. It does not indicate

Pain can be characterized by its duration (from momentary to chronic), location (e.g., muscle, viscera), or cause (e.g., nerve injury, inflammation). Characterization of pain by duration may be arbitrary (i.e., when does pain become chronic?), but is useful because most significant human pain conditions are long-lasting, whether referred to as persistent or chronic. (National Academies Press (US); 2009.)

Neuropathic pain is a broad category of non-odontogenic orofacial pain that should be in the differential diagnosis. Trigeminal neuralgia is often described as sharp, shooting, and stabbing pain.6 There is usually a trigger point which responds to light tactile, but not painful, stimuli. Pain is not provoked by thermal stimulus and local anesthetic block of the trigeminal nerve is effective in arresting the pain. Other neuralgias include glossopharyngeal and post-herpetic neuralgia.

Common diseases affiliated with somatic pain are arthritic joints, fractures, abscesses etc... Another pain associted with Physical pain is Visceral pain which is brought on by stretching. It is vaguely similar to somatic pain. Visceral pain is described as “deep pressure,” or in common terms “cramping,” “spasms,” or “squeezing.” Sometimes nausea comes along with these symptoms which can turn visceral pain into somatic pain. Lastly, with physical pain there is Neuropathic pain results from damage and trauma to the peripheral nervous system or the central nervous system, or both. It is described as “sharp,” “electric,” or “burning” pain, seperately or in combination together. However Physical Pain is not the only type of pain there is there is also Total Pain Anxiety. Anxiety is a internal and external pain that is can also be classified as fear of the unknown. ie... if you were to fall off of a ladder and badly injuring yourself once youre healed and can climb a ladder again you will have fear that you could potientally injure yourself all over again, which is anxiety. Another pain is Total Pain Interpersonal Interactions, this particular pain deals with relationships and how to cope with the loss of someone close to you. Many individuals do not have an issue with

Neuropathic pain is a common condition resulted ref from pathology of the nervous system. It is a common syndrome comprising hyperalgesia, allodynia and spontaneous pain. The chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve is a widely used model of neuropathic pain which evokes a series of molecular, biochemical and cytoarchitectural changes in primary sensory neurons and produces neuropathic

There are many different types of pain which can be categorised depending on how the pain is caused and how long the pain lasts. If pain results from tissue damage then it is called nociceptive pain and this includes pain from pressure applied outside of the body, like a cut or a burn, or from pressure inside the body such as a tumour. Another type of pain is neuropathic pain which is pain experienced when there is damage to