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Over the years, the face of racism has taken on many forms. In present day America, racism is a very taboo subject. It a common view that racism is not a big issue anymore, given the large strides that we, as a country have made towards equality. However, the inequalities that still exist between races point to a different situation. Instead of the blatantly discriminatory acts that our nation has witnessed in the past, modern racism practices are more covert and seemingly nonracial, making this kind of discrimination seem more acceptable and politically correct. The Civil Rights Movement forced society to implement a new, subtler way to perpetuate racial inequality. In Racism Without Racists, Bonilla-Silva describes the justification

Jonathan Rauch’s essay, “In Defense of Prejudice”, explores the idea of pluralism. Rauch focuses on intellectual pluralism in which he states, “permits the expression of various forms of bigotry and always will”. Pluralism may bring different topics such as racism, sexism, and homophobia. Rauch Points out if misguided ideas and ugly expressions be corrected or criticized it would help public safety.

Initially, the author supports his ideas using the arguments that we need to handle innumerous types of prejudice daily. He cites himself as example of one who had experienced prejudice for being homosexual and Jew. He knows how prejudice works and how it is present in the society in many different ways. However, there are several other reflections the author uses to sustain his points of view other than his own experiences. For instance, one of the reasons for his explanation about the exacerbate prejudice in the United States is the fact that one is free to

She states, “viewing his own campaign ad, Nixon reportedly remarked with glee that the ad “hits it right on the nose, It’s all about those damn Negro-Puerto Rican groups out there”” (Alexander 47). The commercial gives the impression that Nixon’s primary aim is to reinstall law and order in the United States but his reaction to the ad shows that Nixon’s just targeting racial minorities. This supports Alexander’s argument that the “War on crime” is really a war on minorities. This example also reveals how politicians exploit people’s emotion; Nixon ran his “law and order” campaign in 1968, a period of rising crime rates in the United States. Hence Nixon utilized the public’s fear of crime to keep blacks from progressing just as it has always been done throughout American history. Through this quote, Alexander exemplifies some of the ways-being deceitful, exploiting the public’s fear-through which the government keeps minorities down. By providing this example of Nixon himself saying that the “law and order” campaign is all about the minority groups out there, Alexander gives her readers the perfect evidence to support her

In his essay “ In Defense of Prejudice”, Jonathan Rauch explores a much talked about topic in the United States today, prejudice. As his title implies, he is in defense of prejudice, he makes it clear that he is not a supporter of hate or racism, rather a supporter of “intellectual pluralism” “which permits the expression of various forms of bigotry and always will.” (pg 1). Rauch defends the right to express all forms of bigotry. By utilizing specific examples where prejudice is at center stage, Rauch tries to convince his readers that the solution to prevent prejudice is not attempting to eradicate it, rather he believes if we, as a society channel prejudice more effectively we can make it “socially productive.” Ranch defends his

White privilege is an advantage in society that is unmerited. Though it is practiced in every day life (whether it’s subtle or not), the majority views it as “absurd” and “non-existent”. It is a taboo that creates feelings of guilt, hostility and anger, but it must be addressed and understood in order to be eradicated. It is necessary for white people to acknowledge their part in maintaining and benefiting from a society that has thrived on racial hierarchy and white supremacy for centuries. White privilege is essentially the flip side of racism; racism does not only disadvantage people of colour, but grants white people power and dominance in our so-called “post-racial” society (McKintosh, 1). In this essay, I will argue that positive and widespread representation and implied acceptance are the most important features of white privilege. Widespread representation is the most important feature of white privilege because we live in an age where the media not only reflects, but also controls our real worldviews and attitudes. The second most important feature of white privilege is adequate housing opportunities and implied acceptance and respect. It is necessary to eliminate this system that puts people in power based on their skin tone and these two aspects are crucial in order to reach that.

Throughout history, different people are treated with isolation and discrimination. This is shown in our culture through songs, movies, television shows, and other forms of art in every corner of the world. For example, the movie and song “Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer” parallels the oppression of minorities, specifically with the ‘Code Talkers,’ in the novel, Code Talkers, by Chester Nez, during World War II.

Many people say that a picture is worth a thousand words. An imagine allows viewers to think and create their own interpretation of an ad. The imagine of the Hispanic values billboard ad, displays a Hispanic male in his uniform serving his nation, which creates a sense of patriotism. This young Hispanic man is doing an honorable act by serving his nation and implies that others should follow his footsteps. In the article, “Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy,” by Andrea Smith examines how we are all oppressed in different forms, focusing on the framework of “women of color” or “people of color” in attempts to find alternatives to challenge the hetero-patriarchal and white superiority status quo in the United States. The Hispanic values billboards demonstrate Andrea Smith third pillar of Orientalism, “The logic of Orientalism marks certain peoples or nations as inferior and as posing a constant threat to the well-being of empire. These peoples are still seen as "civilizations"-they are not property or "disappeared"-however, they will always be imaged as

Rauch examines making the uncomfortable, comfortable. Prejudice has to co-exist within a world by being redirected so that it’s beneficial to society. Rauch wants to provide people with a different outlook on how to handle prejudice as a whole. He makes it clear throughout his essay that he does not want prejudice to be eradicated but to be seen in a different perspective. He wants people to come together and understand that the violence actually doesn’t come from the words. But would rather ignore words that make people feel uncomfortable.

The intended audience for this article is people of Caucasian descent. “Yes, we all have unconscious biases, but white people 's biases support a racist system”(Blake, 4). In America, the Civil Rights movement was about freedom of people of color from white supremacy. While people of color are able to enjoy freedoms that they were not able to enjoy in previous centuries, there are still remnants of racial prejudices that exist. The author argues that while everyone stereotypes, racism continues to persist because of the stereotypes of prominent white persons.

Published by the New York Times under the Opinion section, the audience for this article is any interested reader. At the time it was released, November 18th, 2016, this article arrived during last year’s elections, in which a large, but surprising number of Americans voted for candidate Donald Trump, shocking many forecasters who had predicted otherwise. Therefore, after the election, many people may have been researching the demographics of the election, and this article, which briefly shared Brooks’ opinion on the nature of the election and how viewing others through the lens of a dominant identity influenced how the votes fell where they did, may have caught a keen reader’s eye. Also, this article came at a time where racism and prejudice caused many problems, leading some to view others as one-dimensional, represented only by a skin color or religion. Since prejudice and hate is still a large issue today, tackling this problem helps make this article relevant, nearly a year after its release.

This article was published in The New York Times in October of 2011. The article illustrates the daily challenges faced by multiracial families. Based on where the article was published, Saulny’s intended audience was the 18-49 year-old demographic as this makes up 64% of The New York Times readers (Mahapatra, 13). Roughly 80% of readers of the The New York Times have had some post-secondary education or graduated from college, indicating a highly educated audience (Mahapatra, 13). Readers also tend to lean more liberal; meaning, readers likely hold the basic liberal ideologies of equality for all and social justice as their core values (Mahapatra, 13). All of these demographics come together to create and audience that is full of young and middle age families in the middle class. Saulny’s goal for this article is to convey the social challenges multi-racial families face on a daily basis and evoke an emotional response. Saulny effectively evokes an emotional response in her audience to help garner more acceptance for multi-racial families by including anecdotes of the families’ experiences. These anecdotes help move the audience emotionally because they show the challenges multi-racial families experience, which doesn’t sit well with a majority of the liberal-leaning readers. However, with all the challenges highlighted in this article, a reader may start to assume that it is un-wise

“Just Walk on By” by Brent Staples is an eye opener piece. Prior to reading this essay I never thought about prejudice in our society. Through the rhetorical techniques that Staples used I was able to understand how prejudice our society actually is.

Yet, looking on the TV, radio, newspapers or social media, it’s easy to forget what decade we’re currently in. The recent cover of TIME Magazine illustrated beautifully the juxtaposition between where people think we are in the context of social and racial equality, and where most positions actually stand. The cover portrays a grainy, black and white photo of a young black man running down the street, face covered with a bandana, away from a mob of police officers with shields, weapons and pepper spray billowing out from their canisters. “America, 1968 2015,” it reads.

In the history of The United States, there has always been a history of discrimination that has come from many different areas by many different people that have led to violent discrimination acts to members of our society (Miller, 2003). These violent acts have been based on members of society bias views of others race, sex, disabilities, sexual preferences, and religion (Greenhouse, 1993). The members of these groups that have been discriminated upon are minority members of our society that have had to fight for their rightful place as a member of the American Society, and still, fight prejudice today.