Nipah Virus Infections

NiV transmission includes many types of forms to transfer from agent to hosts. Infected bats shed the virus via their excretions and secretions such as their urine, excreta, semen, and saliva, despite them being symptomless carriers. While Nipah virus is extremely contagious among hosts such as pigs, goats, and humans, it is primarily best spread through coughing. The leading source of transmission in humans, however, is through direct contact with infected pigs. This explains why pig farmers were

Abstract Hendra and Nipah viruses from genus Henipavirus are paramyxovirus that can cause diseases that passed between animals and humans. These viruses are responsible for causing diseases that occurs at irregular intervals at some places. Like other paramyxovirus, henipavirus also have the ability to escape the host immune response due to interferon protein; this is due to P gene. The P-gene is responsible for encoding four proteins – C, P, V, & W protein. Currently no vaccines or therapeutic remedies

For the Nipah Virus, fruit bats of the Pteropus genus have been identified as the natural reservoir. The virus has been isolated in many bodily locations, such as the brain and spinal fluid, and from environmental prototypes, like bat urine and partially eaten fruit, such as found in cases of Malaysia. Antibodies of the Nipah virus have been found in the sera of fruit bats, which have been collected in India, Indonesia, and many others such as Madagascar and Ghana. The presence of these antibodies

Abstract Nipah virus, Arena Virus and Francisella tularensis are bioterrorism agents. They work in various ways to harm the host. Francisella tularenis is considered a Tier 1 bioterrorism agent and Nipah virus is an overlap select agent that affects humans and agriculture both. They have been harmful in the past. Though, Nipah virus is a newer virus than the other two. This review will focus on their emergence, pathogenicity and symptoms of the diseases they cause. Introduction "Infectious Disease

They deliberate release these biological agent such as viruses, bacteria, toxin or germs and cause death to innocent people. Viruses have several advantages when comparing with bacteria. Virus is more resistant in antibiotics compared to bacteria. Furthermore, virus is more dangerous compared to bacteria. Virus is very difficult to overcome and can cause severe illness and sometimes lead to death. Biological agent can spread to world by many ways. They can spread through food, air or water. So it

In studying health and disease, it is critical not only to identify what is immediately before us, but also to gain an understanding of the contextual relationship that brought these conditions of sickness or health to bear. Of great significance to the human ecology of disease is this dynamic context of interactions between the human population, our environment, and our cultural behavior and practice (Meade & Emch, 2010; Mayer, 2000). Together, these three form the “triangle of human ecology,” which

1999, a deadly emerging paramyxovirus called Nipah virus were isolated during a large outbreak of viral encephalitis resulted in 283 cases including 109 deaths. This was the first report of such infection in the world. This virus has many of the physical attributes to serve as a potential for bioterrorism. The outbreak cause widespread fear and panic because of its high mortality and the inability to control the spread of the disease. This deadly virus, believed to be introduced into pig farms by

certain zoonotic diseases came to be. With that said, I’ll go right into the first chapter: “Pale Horse”. This chapter focuses on the virus now known as Hendra. It started in a place known as Brisbane, Australia (more specifically a northern suburb known as Hendra) in 1994 where some horses began experiencing the disease. This also ultimately led to some human infections, some of which causes fatalities. Vic Rail, a horse trainer, was the first human to fatally experience Hendra

A virus has re-emerged and is spreading fast. We first saw a case like this in 1994 where well-known horse trainer, Vic Rail died after 6 days and experienced severe lung inflammation, interstitial pneumonia and respiratory failure (Grant,2013). 14 of his horses also died when it broke out not far from here, in fact Hendra and now it has come back to haunt us with its lethality (Betterhealth.vic.gov.au, 2015).The emergence in humans was unprecedented and shocking. The Hendra Virus and Nipah Virus

Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is only a recently found human infectious agent, originating in the Middle East (Zaki et al 2012). MERS infections are due to an individual being infected by a coronavirus (CoV), more specifically the MERS-CoV. Corona virus symptoms are typically acute, upper and lower respiratory infections (Tyrell & Myint 1996). MERS like all corona viruses, are spherical or pleomorphic enveloped which contain a single-stranded positive sense RNA (Tyrell & Myint 1996)