ASSIGNMENT -1
Name – Sunita Uikey
Roll No - 155
MIM
Subject - Research Methodology
Exercise 1: Make up 3 different situations in which motivation to work would be an independent variable, moderating variable and dependent variable.
Solution -
Dependent Variable -
A manager observes that motivation to work among the Employees is increased if he increases their working environment, Salary and perks.
Independent variable-
Performance of employees increased if they are motivated.
Moderating Variable-
For employees having second source of income/salary, the motivation may or may be a driving factor
Intervening Variable-
Employees perform better if they are provided with good working conditions, better pay i.e.
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The article that he read on job performance frequently mentioned four variables as important to job performance; skills required for the job, rewards, motivation and satisfaction. In several of the articles it was also indicated that only if the reward were valiant (attractive) to the recipients did motivation, satisfaction, and job performance increase not otherwise.
Given the above situation, do the following:
1) Define the problem.
2) Evolve a theoretical framework.
3) Develop at least 6 hypotheses. Solution :
Problem statement: How can the job performance (output) of the employees be increased through enriched jobs and rewards?
Dependent Variable (DV): Job performance of employees
Independent Variable (IV): Skills required for the job, rewards.
Moderating Variable (MV): Attractiveness of the rewards
Intervening Variable (IVV): motivation and satisfaction
Fig:-
Motivation, Satisfaction (IVV)
Motivation, Satisfaction (IVV)
Job Performance or Low output of employees (DV)
Job Performance or Low output of employees (DV)
Skills, Rewards (IV)
Skills, Rewards (IV)
Attractive Rewards (MV)
Attractive Rewards (MV)
Hypothesis: 1) Employee job performance will increase or decrease if they are given attractive rewards. [Relational hypothesis](IV effecting DV positively or negatively). 2) Job skills and Rewards will improve the job performance and output of the employee. [Causal hypothesis]. (change in IV
Factors such as recognition, achievement, advancement, and growth can trigger motivation. They call these factors motivators. Motivators, such as salary, working condition, status, and security are called hygiene factors, which tend to eliminate dissatisfaction" (Robbins, 1996).
According to the expectancy theory of motivation, in the workplace an employee’s willingness to work is dependent upon the end result of working and how important the end result is to the employee. An employee will be more compelled to put forth more effort if it is believed that the consequence of doing so will be a positive performance evaluation. The employee must believe that by achieving a positive performance evaluation, an incentive will be achieved. The incentive, whether it is monetary or advancement, must benefit the employee (Robbins, 2012).
Employees are motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. In order for the reward system to be effective, it must encompass both sources of motivation. Studies have found that among employees surveyed, money was not the most important motivator, and in some instances managers have found money to have a de-motivating or negative effect on employees. This research paper addresses the definition of rewards in the work environment context, the importance of rewarding employees for their job performance, motivators to employee performance such as extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, Herzberg’s two-factor theory in relation to rewarding employees, Hackman and Oldman model of job enrichment that
Pay and Rewards – pay and rewards attract, motivate and retain staff. The employment contract which lists rewards, whether it be pay, bonus or benefits, can remove animosity amongst employees and employers. However, recent research reveals that employees are no longer motivated by a financial reward alone, but
There are five major components of job satisfaction, one being monetary benefits (Ghillyer 2010). According to Ghillyer (2012) an employee’s behavior towards their pay may affect their work performance. The issue that arises with employee motivation is that management is unable to satisfy all (Ghillyer 2010). This becomes an even larger problem when employees being joining unions, resigning and being frequently absent (Ghillyer 2010).
By offering employees an increase based on good work performance or by completing jobs on a timely basis employees are motivated to do the best they can for the company. Employees will strive to do the best they can and excel at their job. The company also benefits by being able to set up guidelines of what is expected and by rewarding employees they will have employees that are accomplishing more and have a better attitude about their job. Long term by giving employees increases employees will be apt to stay with the company and this benefits the company in not having a high turn-over
We present this analytical report, finished at your request, by correcting the formatting of the existing report and writing the unfinished parts. We include reasons and consequences for lack of motivation along with the techniques or strategies to motivate employees. Also included are benefits of motivating employees.
This would not only be advantageous for the employer but also the employee since it would result in higher wages. Due to this, the worker’s level of motivation and drive to do better would escalate leading to overall productivity of the organization (Salimath and Jones, 2011, p.88).
that employees remain motivated if they are rewarded to achieve goals of a company. And when they are
Motivation in the workplace is one of the major concerns that managers face when trying to encourage their employees to work harder and do what is expected of them on a day-to-day basis. According to Organizational Behavior by John R. Schermerhorn, James G. Hunt and Richard N. Osborn the definition of motivation is "the individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person's effort expended at work." They go on to say that "motivation is a key concern in firms across the globe." Through the years there have been several theories as to what motivates employees to do their best at work. In order to better understand these theories we will apply them to a fictitious organization that has the following
Meta-analytic results show that increasing the connection between performance and pay can be very effective for motivational performance.
Keeping employees motivated in addition to creating incentives and/or additional ways for employees to receive more compensation will create better performance overall within an organization. Contrary if company B gives their employees incentives to perform, without any motivational tactics they probably will not have as many top performances as company A, in addition the company may only seek short term rewards verses have long term success. Lack of motivation for employees within an organization, can cause long term damage for the company’s success. Different things motivate everyone; therefore there should be a system in place to keep employees motivated for the long term success of the company. In the MBM textbook under the concept of incentives, compensation, and motivation, there are a couple of different views of how it should be applied within an organization. We will discuss The Social Role of Profit, Personal Profit and Losses, and the way Market-Based Management view how incentives, compensation, and motivation should be applied and the things that effectively drive employees’ actions while at work.
The article emphasizes that managers are skeptical about the redemptive effects of rewards. Many companies in United States support as well as use this program to enhance the employee productivity but there are many evidences that render this practice useless. These evidences state that the actual effect that could have been achieved by the program is not the end result.
Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology is devoted to the study of employee behavior in the workplace and understanding the issues facing organizations and employees in today’s complex and ever changing environment. Motivation refers to the set of forces that influence people to choose various behaviors among several alternatives available to them. An organization depends on the ability of management to provide a positive, fostering and motivating environment for its employees in order to increase profits, productivity and lower turnover rates of its employees. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and compare six academic journal articles and explore the behavior, job, and need based theories of motivation that can aid management in motivating and understanding their employees. Finding that delicate balance to can sometimes be elusive so effectively learning how to motivate by understanding, controlling and influencing factors to manipulate behavior and choices that are available to employees can produce the desired outcome.