North American Migratory Bird Species

The purpose of this study was to observe and document nesting behaviors of Canadian geese. Geese were chosen as our target species because of their present abundance and their nesting period is

These methods lead to the reduction of chick survival and bird population. The emission of fumes from the insecticides cuts off the air supply of oxygen which birds initially require to survive. Farmland bird species is on decline because of ill advised changes in farming techniques. These include increased agrochemical inputs and loss of mixture farming.

Native bird species will be forced to fly further north during migrating season, causing problems with repopulating.3

Forests in Northern Arizona that the tribal communities depend upon are currently threatened by climate change. Ecosystems with high and rising temperatures, such as Northern Arizona, are susceptible to drought. In turn, the decrease in precipitation due to droughts leads to an overall reduction in growth as well as health for plants. A study concerning Northern Arizona forest found that tree mortality increased 200% from 1997-2002 to 2002-2007 in mixed-conifer forests and 74% in ponderosa pine forests. This tree mortality can be traced back to forest insects like bark beetles as well as long-term drought stress throughout the ecosystem (Ganey & Vojta, 162). Insects such as the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis), pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and especially piñon ips beetle (Ips spp.) threaten forests (MacDonald & Turner, 21260). Climate change causes tree mortality as overall warming leads to greater beetle reproduction as well as greater range of beetle territory (MacDonald

(http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/08/05/are-monarch-butterflies-really-being-massacred-a-new-study-says-its-a-lot-more-complicated-than-it-seems/) Monarch butterflies are one of the only two-way migratory species other than birds. Every spring, they embark on a 3,000 mile journey north from the mountains of Mexico and return in the fall. The migration can make it a little harder to accurately estimate population numbers; even so, the severity of the decline is no accounting slip-up.

The eastern flutters of monarch butterflies are thought to be in danger, thanks to natural disasters in Mexico and there not being enough milkweed in their summer nesting grounds(National Geographic). Global warming and loss of habitat also effect the migratory patterns and the rainfall(National Wildlife Federation).  “In 1996, the Mexican government created the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve to protect monarch’s wintering habitat(US Fish and Wildlife

An avian predator is: An environmentally safe, ecologically sound wildlife control company certified green. The primary method of control is the use of falcons for bird abatement, which is safe, non-toxic and humane. One of the largest raptor species in the Northern Hemisphere is the golden eagle. The golden eagle is a top predator, which can prey over a wide range of species, from small birds, and rodents even to ungulates as large as deer. They examined the impact of the predation risk imposed by a large avian predator, the golden eagle, on its potential mammalian mesopredator prey, the red fox, and the pine marten.

Rodewald and Shustack studied the Acadian Flycatcher on the population and individual level and their response to urbanization in landscapes surrounding riparian forests in Ohio. They noted that the survival rates of adults and young were not impacted by the amount of urban development. However, the reproductive productivity was negatively impacted by urbanization near the riparian forest. This may be due to higher rates of brood parasitism by the Brown-headed Cowbird and Acadian Flycatchers had fewer nesting attempts. Furthermore, forests in urban landscapes had a higher level of turnover in site occupancy, the birds bred later in the season, which negatively impacts the success of young. They also had lower return rates to nest sites following nest predation.

(2a) The numbers of 20 common North American bird species have dropped by 68 percent on average since 1967, due to variety of factors. (2b-Suppressed)

Finally, the author asserts that applying chemical pesticides is increasing in sake control agricultural pests, likely we envisage water and food chain contaminants, consequently. This issue is considered as the last point of support that the birds’ species populations have been lessening in the United States due to developing in human population which lead to using more agricultural activities and chemical pesticides. The lecturer, though, cast doubt on the reading by pointing out that today the traditional pesticides are replaced by new and less detrimental effects ones. Besides this, the more resistant crops against pests are performed; ultimately, the harmfulness of agricultural activities have

ABSTRACT Native grasslands are disappearing at an alarming rate, especially in South Dakota. The destruction of grassland has had a devastating impact on grassland nesting birds including, the grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), upland sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda), and savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis). We need to assess how these grassland nesting birds are responding to increases in cropland cover. Our study compares the abundance of grasshopper sparrows, upland sandpipers, and savannah sparrows in grassland and crop cover types. North American Breeding Bird Survey count data was used along with 2011 National Land Cover Data for South Dakota to determine grasshopper sparrow, upland sandpiper, and savannah sparrow abundance

According to a report by BirdLife Internationa, about 11% of the bird species in the world are at risk of global warming, and it is predicted that about 6% of the bird species may disappear in the nest 20 or so years. If the planet continues to heat up, the optimal habitats for birds’ species may not exist anymore. This is because most birds’ species depend on the boreal forest as their habitat, breeding ground and source of food, and if the climate of the boreal forest keeps changing, it can have adverse effect on the birds and other living organisms that depend on it as a habitat (Randerson, 1132)

According to National Geographic monarch butterflies travel up to 3,000 miles each fall to their wintering site in central Mexico. In 2004, an estimated 550 million completed the winter migration, while in 2003 only 33 million arrived. Further, between 2012 and 2013, there was a 43.7 percent decrease in the area occupied by the butterflies in the winter sanctuaries, the decline has numerous reasons: climate change, deforestation, and habitat loss, agricultural use of pesticides and herbicides

Bottomland hardwood forests receive the most attention within a region of the Mississippi flyway known as the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). The MAV is an important migrating and wintering area for waterfowl that stretches from southern Illinois to Louisiana (Baldassarre and Bolen 2006). The bottomland hardwood forests are the most important habitat for wintering mallards (Bellrose 1976). As many as 2.5 million mallards have been recorded using the flooded forests along with 4 million wood ducks and a number of other migratory birds (Tiner 1984). These birds feed heavily on acorns, seeds, and tubers from wetland plants that grow in the forest openings (Davis et al. 2003). Leaf litter provides a substrate for invertebrates that waterfowl feed heavily on (Kaminsky et al 1989). Cavities in trees are important to wood duck survival as they are one of the few duck species to nest in them. The forest also provides waterfowl with shelter, protection from predators, and lessens human disturbances (Baldassarre and Bolen). One study showed that female mallards that roost in forested habitats may also feed in these habitats and may have little reason to move (Davis 2007). Because forests may provide more nutrients than agricultural fields, these

The world has experienced many mass extinctions within its lifetime. More and more are occuring today with the help of homo sapiens. Everyone in the modern age has heard of the most recent extinction of the white rhino, that was hunted for their prized horns. However, not many have heard of the passenger pigeons’ claim to fame. There was an overabundance of them in the United States, particularly in eastern North America. Passenger pigeons had been in America before the Europeans dropped by and the United States was not even an idea yet. Following the colonization of America was the deconstruction of the passenger pigeon’s habitat and then eventually pigeons attacking the crops belonging to the farmers for provisions. They would fly in gargantuan flocks that