Note That Dunbar Rhyme Scheme

Dunbar wrote in black dialect also, although it wasn’t his ideal way of writing. His readers favored his poems in black dialect instead of his preferred way of standard English so in spite of his success he was disappointed that his greatest gift had gone unappreciated. The need to survive financially in the literary world had forced him to compromise his talent. Dunbar often wrote about the difficulties the black race encountered and the ongoing race for equality in America; a subject Wheatley rarely touched in her poems.

In accordance with Du Bois’ definition of double-consciousness, the African American has no true self-consciousness, but does have one that is more true to the self than the other (“the other” here being how one sees one’s self through the eyes of white America). Being that Dunbar was an African American at the turn of the century, one may assume that Dunbar’s dialect poetry is most true to his “self” over his “classical” style, but this is not true. The content and style of Dunbar’s dialect poetry is riddled with incomplete phrasing, poor diction, and is not what he experienced and learned growing up in Dayton, Ohio excelling at an all-white high school. For example, in his dialect poem When Malindy Sings (1897), Dunbar wrote what is assumed to be natural organs as “nachel o’gans.” (1039).

Oppression is at the root of many of the most serious, enduring conflicts in the world. Times were tough in America during the turn of the century. Lots of changes were occurring, and many folks had a difficult time coming to terms with them. Black Americans in particular found themselves caught in a culture that appeared somewhat better than it had been before and during the Civil War. But the fact of the matter was: things just weren't so peachy. This poem is a reaction to the racial climate of the late nineteenth century. The son of former slaves, Paul Laurence Dunbar, was born on June 27, 1872 in Dayton, Ohio to parents who had been enslaved in Kentucky before the American Civil War. At age 33, he died of tuberculosis on February 9, 1906. He was the first African-American poet to reach a wide audience, publishing verse poems and short stories before his early death. His use of both negro dialect and standard English helped to portray his cultural lifestyle, joys, and tribulations distinguishing him from other writers of the late 1800s, early 1900s. In his poem, the speaker opens the poem with the declaration that we wear masks that hide our true feelings. He goes on to emphasize the severity of the pain and suffering that these masks try to cover up. By the end we understand that all of the politeness and subdued emotions are just phony disguises of the painful truths that hide behind them. With that knowledge, he try’s to get his audience to understand his purpose in

Secondly, the speaker of the poem can be described as underprivileged, and this is shown throughout the entire poem. For example, line 1 of the poem it states "some are teethed on a silver spoon” and line 5 it states "some are swaddled in silk and down”. This shows that the speaker is not the same as the person who is teethed on a silver spoon or cared for very carefully. This inclusion also shows that the speaker was not born into a wealthy family and so the speaker must fight for what they need pertaining to themselves and the family.

The depiction black struggles within Dunbar’s dialect poetry makes Dunbar’s poetry beneficial for the black race. For example, in “An Ante-bellum Sermon,” when Dunbar writes “But when Moses wif his powah Comes an' sets us chillun free, We will praise de gracious Mastah, Dat has gin us liberty; An' we'll shout ouah halleluyahs, On dat mighty reck'nin' day, When we'se reco'nised ez citiz', Huh uh! Chillun, let us pray!”, he is depicting a common feeling of African Americans. Although this poem takes place before the Civil War, and before Dunbar’s birth, both of Dunbar’s parents were ex-slaves, which gave him an understanding of slavery. With an understanding of slavery, Dunbar was able to depict the desire for slaves to be rid of the unjust system. Beyond that, the idea is still applicable to the time in which he lived. From one issue to another, people anticipate equality while in dire situations. Similarly, in “Song,” Dunbar depicts the harmful race relations from his time. Instead of the black experience being told from a sympathizer perspective, Dunbar has a better understanding of what it was like to be black in the 1890s. The competition and hate between flowers symbolizes the conflict between white and black people. Through this metaphor, especially at the end when they celebrate the death of all daisies when he writes “In de fiel’ de flags is wavin’ in a tantalizing’ way, Kin o’ ‘joicin’ case de daisies all is daid,” Dunbar depicts the hateful race relations of his time. Dunbar’s representation of black issues brings attention to them, which benefits African Americans.

Throughout this poem Hughes has placed many symbols in the readers mind to bring the image of the African American people to thought. He reminds African American readers of their origin and what they have been through by using the

In this poem it is implied that everyone wakes up and chooses a mask from their “drawer”. By this I mean we wake up and choose which mood were going to show the world. “We wear the mask that grins and lies, It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes” (Dunbar 906 lines 1-2). We wear the mask to hide the tears that fall from our eyes and roll down our cheeks. We put on a grin to make people think we are okay, but in reality it is a lie because we are broken inside. The mask could also be the frase “I am fine”. From an African American from the nineteenth centuries point of view “we” in this quote stands for the black community or others that go discriminated at the time. There is pain behind these masks that they wear. “This debt we pay to human guile, With torn and bleeding hearts we smile” (Dunbar 906 lines 3-4). “Human guile”

In conclusion, the poem was used as a key to unlock some of the thoughts the negro had concerning Africa. The negro in this poem was a representative of all negroes during this time; their thoughts and the their feelings toward Africa. Cullen’s usage of the literary devices allow for an effective expression of the meaning of this poem. Poems are intensified language of experience, so the devices assured the connection of the reader to the poem and the experience. This applies to many issues in society today because as beautiful as our country is there are still dark clouds that cover the very essence of what the states once stood

The poems We Wear the Mask by Paul Dunbar and Harlem by Langston Hughes have similarities. In my mind, the use of figurative language resides in both thinkers conceive of being a person of color in America. For Dunbar, the use of the “mask” is designed to conceal the pain of being Black in America. The mask is to hide the struggle and frustration that speaks opportunity, but delivers another reality. The use of figurative language is designed to present that a dual consciousness plagues people of color for one part of their identity seeks to believe the promises and possibilities of America while another fully understands the despair and denial within it. The mask is employed as a metaphor to convey both experiences.

In verse two feelings of the necessary trudge/empowering iambic stride further unfolds. On the one hand Dunbar points to all the “tears and sighs” experienced by the collective “We”. But in the throws of this potential unempowered feelings, Dunbar seizes upon an element of control that can be taken.  “Why should the world be over-wise … nay let them only see us whilst we wear the mask”. In these words there is a boldness and resignation to not let the world have the privilege or even satisfaction perhaps, of seeing behind the mask into the suffering that is really going on.

The poem uses this simile to show how the brutality and un-human nature of the attacks on African Americans were.

In these lines from Derek Walcott’s “A Far Cry from Africa,” the speaker emphasizes the natural human tendencies to “inflict pain.” Similarly, in his poem, “Sympathy,” Paul Dunbar explores pain from the point of view of a bird being trapped in a cage. It flaps its wings and tries to escape but it cannot. The bird symbolizes an African American bound by slavery and unable to escape. On the other hand, in Claude McKay’s poem “The Harlem Dancer,” the dancer feels as if

The poems “We Wear the Mask” and “Sympathy” by Paul Dunbar both symbolize oppressed black Americans and tell of the suffering that they endured. In his poem Dunbar uses dramatic, descriptive and symbolic language to portray images in his poetry of the pointless prejudices and racism that African Americans faced in America during the Harlem Renaissance. In the poem “We Wear the Mask, the mask wearers did not want the world to focus on what was really happening. They wanted to take the spotlight off of the pain and struggle and redirect it towards the hope and strength that the individuals had within. Just because they were not allowed equal rights and liberties, they refused to let that dictate their joy, happiness and peace.

Ultimately, since Dunbar avoids specifically mentioning blacks and their suffering, with the history of this poem in mind, this poem could stand as a lament on behalf of all of the individuals who were forcefully made to wear a “mask” just as a girl who tries to hide her pregnancy from her parents, or as a boy who

The lyric poem “We wear the mask” by Paul Laurence Dunbar is a poem about the African American race, and how they had to conceal their unhappiness and anger from whites. This poem was written in 1895, which is around the era when slavery was abolished. Dunbar, living in this time period, was able to experience the gruesome effects of racism, hatred and prejudice against blacks at its worst. Using literary techniques such as: alliteration, metaphor, persona, cacophony, apostrophe and paradox, Paul Dunbar’s poem suggests blacks of his time wore masks of smiling faces to hide their true feelings.