Obesity : Factors Associated With Type 2 Diabetes

Type II Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes or aadult onset diabetes. It is a medical disorder that, due to a number of factors codependent with the modern world, is characterized by higher than normal blood glucose levels that play havoc with insulin deficiency and resistance. Insulin resistance means that cells do not respond appropriately when there is free insulin in the blood system. Essentially, they body is reacting to an improper balance of sugars and insulin. Because obesity is often present, research suggests that even thought the mechanisms controling glucose and insulin are unclear, the adopose tissue likely

Type 2 Diabetes effects about 90% of people who have diabetes. Ways of controlling this type is by losing weight, having a healthy diet, plenty of exercise, and monitoring their blood-glucose levels. Although people people do these things to help, Type 2 is usually a progresses disease where is gets worse, and causes the person to have to take insulin usually in the form of a tablet. People who are overweight and obese have a significantly higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes as apposed to those who are at a healthy body weight. Those that are especially at risk are those who have visceral fat, which is also known as central obesity, belly fat, or abdominal obesity. Being overweight of physically inactive along side with eating the wrong foods all increase the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes. The risk also rises with our age, because as we age we tend to become less active as well as gain weight. When men have low levels of testosterone levels they also get placed at a higher

Accompanying genetics, environmental factors, such as lack of exercise and obesity, play major roles in causing type II diabetes.

In order to understand the cause and effects of type 2 diabetes on the body, it must first be asked “what is type 2 diabetes and what effects does it have on the body”? Firstly, there are two main types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is an auto immune disease which results in the destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. Without insulin, the body cannot absorb glucose in the cells which is needed to produce energy. Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1. Type 2 diabetes, rather than destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas, causes dysfunctions in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Type 2 diabetes is a condition that while insulin is being produced as it should, the cells are failing to respond properly to the insulin production. This is termed, insulin resistance. As the condition develops the body can stop responding to insulin completely, this is called insulin deficiency. Acutely this results in high blood glucose which can cause a variety of secondary illnesses. There are a range of causes of type 2 diabetes including genetic and environmental factors that affect beta cell function and insulin sensitivity. The majority of diabetes sufferers are obese with central adiposity. This means that excess adipose tissue must play a critical part in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The widely accepted reason for this is the

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2012). T2D is so prevalent that it is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of death worldwide (Yates, Jarvis, Troughton, and JaneDavies, 2009, p. 1). T2D manifests when the body is unable to metabolize glucose properly, resulting in elevated blood sugar, debilitating fatigue, and other serious complications such as distal limb amputations, kidney failure, and blindness. The generally accepted causes of T2D include diet, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity.

Type II diabetes is a mixture of both genetic and environmental factors. It is a metabolic disorder that affects the way the body processes blood sugar due to the fact that the body cannot produce enough insulin. The victim often feels fatigued and thirsty that leads to frequent urination. Obesity is believed to be the primary cause of Type II diabetes to those who are genetically predisposed. Based on the American Diabetes Association, non-Hispanic blacks are second in being diagnosed with diabetes with 13.2%. Type II diabetes can come with many effects

Type two diabetes is the most common disease today, and it has a great impact on the lives of many people in the United States. Type two diabetes results when the body is resistant to insulin or impaired secretion of insulin by the pancreatic beta cells. The pancreas produces too much insulin, but over time it is not able to make an adequate amount of insulin needed in order to move the glucose into the cells. However, there are many factors that lead to type two diabetes. They are known to be genetic, high body weight, previously identified impaired fasting glucose levels or impaired glucose tolerance, family history of diabetes, and history of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby over 9 pounds. Type two diabetes effects about 90% to 95% of the cases of disease in the US (Hinkle & Cheever, 2013). It's

This may account for about 5% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. The insulin production is, therefore, impaired and this affects almost one million people in the U.S. Risk factors are less definite for type 1 diabetes than for type 2 diabetes, but autoimmune, genetic, and environmental factors are involved in emerging this type of diabetes. Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes also known as adult-onset diabetes, may account for about 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. “This is especially true for women, for 39.9% of African American women, compared with 24.0% of white American women have abdominal obesity”. (Marshall, 2005). Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include older age, family history of diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, physical inactivity, and race/ethnicity. Information from the CDC states, the treatment for type 1 diabetes is healthy eating, physical activity, and insulin injections. The amount of insulin taken must be balanced with food intake and daily activities. Blood glucose levels must be closely monitored through frequent blood glucose testing. Type 2 treatment is the same; however, blood glucose testing is needed. In addition, many people with type 2 diabetes require oral medication, insulin, or both to control their blood glucose levels. People should also eat more fiber by eating more

Type 2 diabetes is a self-caused disease that prevents your body from using and producing insulin correctly which leads to high levels of sugar in the blood. When people consume too much or too little sugar, it affects their insulin resistance, which causes the pancreas to not maintain the right amount of insulin to keep the body's

if people are overweight and obese, there are greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes by in this case, type 2 diabetes can effectively leads diabetic people into different types of diseases such as eye damage, kidney failure, heart damaged and etc…into to death. my research question may have relates to this issue because obesity causes type 2 diabetes when the body doesn't produce enough insulin and due to people's poor diet and lack of exercise daily because the body needs to move around or do activity so that the glucose would fit to our cells and produce enough insulin.

Diabetes type II is a devastating disease. It has been established that the higher a person’s body mass index (BMI) the more likely they are to develop diabetes type II. 96.4% of type II diabetes can be directly attributed to obesity. This disease often results in daily medication usage and hospitalization. It can even result in loss of organs or limbs. Often diabetic patients suffer from failed kidney function and must rely on daily dialysis. The direct cost of obesity related type II diabetes in 1995 was $32.2 billion and the indirect cost was $30.74 billion.

This is usually caused by a positive energy balance, and more relevantly a sedentary lifestyle. Increased amounts of visceral fat can be detrimental to the anti-inflammatory phenotype of adipose tissue, which is normally characterised by small adipocytes and the presence of anti-inflammatory immune cells, or adipokines, such as M2-macrophages and CD4-regulatory T-cells (Bishop et al., 2011). These cells release the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin. The presence of visceral fat causes these adipocytes to expand, and then infiltrated by pro-inflammatory adipokines, such as M1-macrophages. This causes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as CRP and TNF (Bishop et al., 2011). These cause a state of low-grade systemic inflammation, which can cause vascular damage and disrupt regular metabolism (Canino et al., 2011)

Initially, the beta cells respond inadequately to hyperglycemia, resulting in chronically elevated glucose. The continuous high glucose level in the blood desensitizes the beta cells so they become less responsive to elevated glucose which in term become insulin resistance because they are then insensitive to insulin. (Linton, Adrianne Dill. (2016); Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing.). Type 2 Diabetes accounts for almost 90% of all diabetes. It usually onsets after the age 40, and most patients are obese. Type 2 Diabetes is based on decreased effectiveness of insulin or a relative deficit of insulin. This abnormality may involve decreased pancreatic beta cell production of insulin, increased resistance by body cells to insulin, increased production of glucose by the liver, or a combination of both factors. The treatment for Diabetes type 2 can be simply the increase in exercise and diet where as Type 1 is insulin replacement. (Karin C. VanMeter, Robert J. Hubert (2014); GOULDS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS, FIFTH EDITION). This type of diabetes is insidious meaning that it develops over a period of time but is also considered milder then Type

Being Fat or simply overweight used to be celebrated and admired, now it’s stigmatized and looked down upon. Getting fat used to give us a genetic edge: When food was scarce, we needed to store backup reserves of energy, because we couldn’t always guarantee when or where we’d find our next meal. However, as our food industry and the infrastructure of our economy changes, so do our views and options. Over the past several years, obesity has become a serious health concern in all around the world, Including the United States; overweight is at least partly responsible for the dramatic increase in diagnoses of type two diabetes (on-set diabetes) among children and adults. Diabesity is the label for diabetes occurring in the context of obesity (McNaughton 71 ). In Diabesity and the stigmatization of lifestyle in Australia we diagnose the correlation between obesity and diabetes; whether one of them is a product of the other, the fact is there’s a solid boundary between being thin and big. We know that overweight can be risk factors for other diseases, not only diabetes. As McNaughton stated in reality we can’t justify that just because an individual is obese that they have diabetes or vice versa; overweight and obesity are cohesively held up as significant risk factors for type two diabetes, the relationship between them is actually very complicated (McNaughton 72). Diabesity has been recognized as a major public health problem that is exponentially growing to becoming a

Obesity refers to the condition of having an extra amount of body fat. Obesity is caused by eating too much and moving too little. When an individual’s amount of body fat becomes too high, they are at a greater risk of being affected with life changing diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, type II diabetes, cancer, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, and others. This shows that people should become more physically active and attempt to make healthier choices because their life depends on the decisions, they make.