Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): An Analysis

* Obstructive Sleep Apnea is when the pharyngeal airway collapses or narrows respectively during sleep. It is accompanied by excessive daytime sleepiness and risk for cardiovascular disease. Risk factors for OSA include obesity, large soft palate/tongue, the male sex, and aging.

Thesis: Sleep Apnea is becoming more of a dangerous disease that more people are starting to be diagnosed with. It is extremely important that Sleep Apnea is emphasized so that more people are aware of it.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major health problem, as more than 22 million adults in the U.S suffer from OSA.1 The prevalence of moderate to severe OSA in older adults aged 65 and over is twice as high as that in middle-aged adults.2 Unfortunately, estimates suggest that 85% of individuals with moderate to severe OSA remain undiagnosed.3 Individuals with untreated moderate to severe OSA are at a greater risk for depression (DEP), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia compared to individuals with no OSA. In OSA, repetitive intracranial blood flow surges during apneic episodes cause disturbances in microvascular functions, resulting in hypoperfusion4-6 and poor cerebral vasomotor reactivity.7-9 Hypoxemia promotes the development of cerebral small vessel disease (C-SVD).10-13 Repeated rapid alternations between hypoxia and reoxygenation cause oxidative stress,14,15 which alters blood-brain barrier functions and leads to the formation of C-SVD.16-18 The consequences of C-SVD are 1) disruption of neuronal activity in regions involved in the regulation of mood and cognition 11,19,20 and 2) reduction of prefrontal and frontal lobe vascular perfusion,10,21-23 which causes neuronal metabolic deficiencies that may lead to synaptic loss and neuronal damage.24,25 The progression of C-SVD is now known to be associated with new-onset depression,26 MCI,27,28 and an increased risk for dementia.27,29,30 Based on this supporting evidence, we hypothesize that C-SVD may mediate

Obstructive rest apnea is a typical unending illness in Western culture whose commonness is evaluated at 2% of ladies and 4% of men in the overall public. It is portrayed basically by repetitive impediment of the upper aviation route that outcomes in oxyhemoglobin desaturation and occasional feelings of excitement from rest. It now creates the impression that even gentle to direct rest apnea is connected with the improvement of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular danger. With expanding corpulence, rest apnea can add to the advancement of daytime alveolar hypoventilation (weight hypoventilation disorder), cor pulmonale, and candid respiratory disappointment. Subsequently, given its high pervasiveness and grimness, rest apnea represents a huge clinical weight to Western culture.

There is a strong association between obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension, among cardiac conditions such as heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and coronary heart disease. OSA and hypertension share similar risk factors such as age and obesity, and are commonly co-morbid. During an obstructive sleep apnea episode the patient experiences reduced airflow due to obstruction in the upper airway, leading to hypoxia and hypercapnia, the patient is typically awakened by these episodes. Due to hypoxia, OSA causes an increase in sympathetic activity, endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. Increase systemic activity leads to an increase in both heart rate and blood pressure. Endothelial dysfunction is an imbalance of vasorelaxation

of sleep apnea are obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), and complex sleep

Sleep apnea is a chronic disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. It leads to snoring, fatigue and interruptions of oxygen flowing through the body. The need for life insurance varies with age, responsibilities and your health. Life insurance policies become valuable financial resources for maintaining a standard of life. Policies are designed to provide a fixed amount of money according the policy terms and conditions to helping families avoid hardships. Life insurance policies can include the insurer’s ability to draw against the face value of the policy in the event of an illness. In the case of having sleep apnea, the insurer becomes the beneficiary of the policy value. There are also instances, where the policy also functions as a secondary health coverage, should the primarily carrier deny the medical claim.

Sleep apnea is a life-threatening condition, which is the collapse of the throat and block the airway. Also known as obstructive sleep apnea – OSA, it is associated with obesity, and one of the major risk for heart disease. According to Dr. O’Neil in an OSA the upper airway closes off because the muscles that hold it open lose tone. Therefore, each time the airway closes, there is a pause in breathing. The sleep deprivation worseness obesity as well as causes a severe fatigue during the day. In addition, sleep apnea increase risk for high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke (American Heart Association, 2015).

Sleep apnea is becoming increasingly more concerning for the association this sleep disorder poses to the psychological effects on people. Sleep deprivation is only one example of the effects caused by this medical condition which could be related to increased anxiety and depression. Millions of Americans suffer from sleep apnea without even realizing the sleep disorder is creating a problem. There has been significant progress in identifying sleep apnea, especially obstructive sleep apnea, and creating successful methods to help individuals more easily live with it. The thought of losing breath while sleeping without knowing this is occurring can intimidate an individual and his or her family.

Imagine that a person is sleeping and all of a sudden they wake up and are unable to breath. It is a scary thing but this happens to millions of people each year. One of the causes of this is Sleep Apnea. This paper will help identify the disorder of Sleep Apnea, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment.

We live in a world where we are always on the go. We have projects and deadlines to meet for work. We have kids to pick up after school. We have projects to complete around the house along with the usual cooking of meals and doing laundry. It seems like we burn the midnight oil more times than we don’t. Unfortunately, if you think you can function off of a couple hours of sleep each night, you’re wrong.

Doctors don’t just prescribe medications for treatment of sleep apnea there are other options. They may prescribe Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Device (CPAP), oral device (OA), surgery, and diet. (Ronald M. Harper, 1988) The outcome depends on the patients’ compliance to treatment. I would like to explain what causes OSA, the treatments for OSA, and the negative effects if left untreated.

This study investigated the positive correlation between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with an increased rate of postoperative complications including (1) postoperative hypoxemia, (2) intensive care unit (ICU) transfers, and (3) prolonged length of hospital stay in noncardiac surgical patients. OSA patients commonly express cardiac disease, have an increased risk for postoperative morbidity, and OSA is considered an independent risk factor for patient mortality. This study is significant because there remains a substantial number of patients that arrive for surgery without preceding diagnosis, while there continues to be no standardized diagnostic tool readily available to diagnose OSA within the preoperative area. Kaw et al. demonstrates that there is a increase in many postoperative complications within this at risk patient population.

Obstructive sleep apnea is up to four times as common in men as in women, but women are more likely to develop sleep apnea during pregnancy and after menopause. In older adults, the gender gap narrows after women reach menopause. More than half of people with obstructive sleep apnea are either overweight or obese, which is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25-29.9 or 30.0 or above, respectively. In adults, excess weight is the strongest risk factor associated with obstructive sleep

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder where the patient suffers from a disturbed airflow during sleep due to partial or complete closure of the upper airway. Little is known about the flow pattern in the pharynx and its effects on OSA1. Phase-Contrast-MRI (PC-MRI) is an established technique to visualize and quantify fluid flow. PC-MRI has been previously used to study flow patterns in stenotic phantom2, hence it is used here to investigate flow patterns in the pharynx to understand OSA.