Ocean Acidification Research Paper

Aim: The aim of the lab “Chemical Equilibrium” is to observe the effects of changes in concentrations of products and reactants on the position of the equilibrium of given chemical reactions.

The objective of the experiment is to apply Le Chatelier's Principle, which is a system that responds to an external stress and then adjusts itself in order to alleviate the stress when it is at equilibrium. A reactant is added, and the equilibrium is reestablished, resulting in more products and fewer reactants, and thus, the position of equilibrium is shifted to the right. When a product is added, the equilibrium position is shifted to the left because there are more reactants and fewer products.

Regarding temperature, Le Chatelier’s principle states that seeing as the production of COCl2 from CO + Cl2 comes about through a process of exothermic reaction, that the reverse would come about through a process of endothermic reaction. Therefore increasing the temperature would cause a reduction in the equilibrium yield of COCL2 favouring the original reactants CO + Cl2. (163)

A reaction has an equilibrium constant, Keq, of 50. When performed in the presence of an appropriate enzyme, the forward rate of reaction is increased 20-fold. What will happen to the reverse rate of reaction?

This shows Le Chatelier’s principle as the system was able to neutralize the disturbance from its equilibrium.In this case, the change was the addition of molecules to the reactants. This caused an increase in the number effective collisions between the reactant’s molecules. Also, this raised the rate of the forward reaction. The system then has an increased amount of reactants and therefore has to travel in the forward direction to make extra products. This occurred in order to return the system to equilibrium by removing some of the excess reactants. By shifting in the forward direction, more products are being produced by the excess reactants. This ensures that the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal, which brings the system back to a state of

A system is Material moving most stable when it has reached equilibrium. A out of the cell system will tend to go to equilibrium (lowest, accessible energy state) in the absence of added energy (Figure 2).

The law of thermodynamics in can predict the direction of chemical reactions and changes in substances

When a system at equilibrium (meaning it is stable and will not undergo any more action) is subjected to change in concentration, temperature, volume, or pressure, the system adjusts itself to counteract the effect of the applied change and a new equilibrium is

Presented in an informal style of writing, “What Is Ocean Exploration and Why Is It Important?” inform its readers about the importance of researching and discovering the unknown ocean. It explains how much work is needed for the documentation of the ocean in varies areas, at the same time it addresses that scientist will be able to better understand the unknown oceans. For example, the time needed to obtain and study the result, as well as answer how the change in atmosphere will cause the ocean to react and affect life. The information obtain will also provide the baseline for scientist, researcher and government agencies to make important and dangerous decisions for the future. Sometime during research amazing things happen and new resources may be revealed. Besides informing about the ocean researching, the article also has a background idea as it is trying to encourage and get its readers interested into joining the field of ocean researching by emphasizing the role the ocean plays and how it will help ensure that ocean resources are well managed for future generations to enjoy.

Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called endothermic reactions, these reactions are observed by a decrease in temperature of the reaction mixture.

Hi Professor Searcy below is the link to the new paper that we briefly talked about in class. I haven't gotten a chance to look over it any further since we talked but maybe if you have some free time and have a strong desire to learn more about the effects that ocean acidification has on yellow tuna fish larvae you could glance it over just to see if there was any significance to them conducting two trials other than just for additional accuracy.

Equilibrium is when a reaction ratio becomes unbalanced. In the reaction, it does not affect the outcome if the reactants like chromate & hydrogen chloride are not equal to the product water, dichromate, and chloride ion. As long as the reaction maintains the same ratio it won't matter if it's a forward or reverse reaction.

“When a change is made to an equilibrium system, the system moves to minimise the imposed change and restore the system to equilibrium.”

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that we exhale in our daily lives. Plants use carbon dioxide to create oxygen that all mammals use. However, carbon dioxide can also change the chemistry of the ocean, this is often referred to as ocean acidification. The excess carbon dissolves into oxygen in the water, producing a chemical called carbonic acid. This acid causes the ocean to become more acidic. In the eighteenth century, the pH was 8.07 which was slightly basic. Currently, the pH is around 8.01 this is about a twenty-five percent increase in acidity. (National geographic) While this slight change may not seem outrageous, it is causing multiple marine life struggles. The acid melts the shells of pteropods causing a low supply of food that would support larger fish.

Dynamic Equilibrium: Two offsetting processes occur at equal rates, producing a state of balance where no net changes is observed.