of less than 4% (1,2). However, in some patients, premedication or simultaneous use of local analgesia as cervical block may be necessary to accomplish the procedure (3).
Cicinelli et al. (4), based on an experience of 8000 cases of office hysteroscopy, reported that approximately 10% of the patients experienced mild pain, and 0.5% of the cases experienced severe pain. Similarly, several studies have shown that failure rate and pain are much reduced with the use of smaller diameter scopes less than 4 mm as compared with traditional hysteroscopy (5–7).
Anticipation for the need of premedication or additional analgesia to relieve pain during the procedure may reduce the failure rate of office hysteroscopy. This reduces psychological burden on the patient and
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Moreover, the effect of surgeon’s experience and diameter of the scope have been controversial in other studies
(10–12). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of patient parity, menopausal status, menstrual cycle phase, cervical or uterine pathology and duration of procedure on pain experienced during office hysteroscopy.
2. Methods
This prospective study, performed between July 2012 and July
2013, included 254 patients who were referred to the hysteroscopy outpatient clinic of Cairo University hospital, Egypt. The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee and informed consent was obtained from the patients.
Women with infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding, abnormal finding on ultrasound examination or hysterosalpingography and missed intrauterine device were recruited to the study.
Contraindications for the office hysteroscopy were severe bleeding, history of severe cardiovascular disease, endometrial neoplasia and suspicion of pregnancy. Moreover, patients with a history or suspicion of pelvic inflammatory disease were excluded from the
Consequently, cervical damage is another leading cause of long term complications following abortion. Normally the cervix is rigid and tightly closed. In order to perform an abortion, the cervix must be stretched open with a great deal of force. During this forced dilation there is almost always caused microscopic tearing of the cervix muscles and occasionally severe ripping of the uterine wall, as well. About 10% suffer immediate complications; one-fifth are life-threatening: • hemorrhage • infection • ripped or perforated uterus • cervical injury • embolism • anesthesia complications • convulsions • chronic abdominal pain • gastro-intestinal disturbances • endotoxin shock • second-degree burns • Rh
A hysterectomy can be a life-saving procedure for women who are having serious reproductive health issues. Dr. John Macey, MD performs this procedure and many others as part of his practice. If you live in Kentucky, Alabama, or the mid-central Tennessee area near Nashville, Dr. Macey encourages you to call his office for all of your OB/GYN needs. After a thorough examination, he’ll discuss any possible health issues you may have and offer effective treatment options to help overcome them.
Marisa R. Adelman, M.D. as Assistant Professor, with a specisl interest in Minimally invasive gynecology. Dr. Adelman received a B.A. from Johns Hopkins University, and her M.D. from the University of Virginia. She completed her Obstetrics
The preautospy meeting includes the lead crime scene investigator and a few other key personnel such as the pathologist in charge of the autopsy and the criminalists who analyze the evidence. The scene of the crime and features of the body will tell the trained workers what to look for and dictate many of the procedures that are going to be needed to be used one the autopsy takes place. Additionally it will even show what additional tasks must be completed to help bring everything into fruition. This entire conference is so important that it should be planned out much in advance to the actual autopsy taking place. With every member at this conference giving their input a well put, clear, and concise plan should be crated so that the best approach as possible is taken when the autopsy actually ends up taking place. If everything is done correctly the autopsy should go smoothly and the newly gained information plus the previous knowledge should be able to paint a clearer picture of what actually happened to the deceased victim. The creation of a homicide investigation team will ensure that the preautospy conference will go by much smoother than usual. Although there might not be a formal team at smaller departments around the country it is still a team effort and each member that is helping out plays a key role in the investigation and conference. Furthermore the wrap up conference will serve as a double check to ensure that all checkpoints were hit. This vital meeting plays a much larger role than it seems and it is imperative that things are done correctly.
An obstetrician is a physician who has successfully completed specialized education and training in the specialties of pregnancy, delivery, and the care directly following childbirth. GYN is short for gynecology or for a gynecologist; a physician who specializes in treating diseases of the female reproductive organs. OB/GYNS can act as a woman’s primary doctor but they also specialize in care related to pregnancies and the reproductive system. Today, gynecology is focused largely on disorders of the female reproductive organs. The purpose of this research paper is to inform the reader of the requirements that are needed to become an OB/GYN. These requirements will include the form of schooling necessary and how long it will take to obtain
It has been reported months after having the procedure that women's health began to deteriorate with horrible side effects from Essure. Women who have had this procedure reported feeling sharp pains in their cervix, fatigue overwhelmed them, migraines made them black out and severe bleeding. When Mari Hall was twenty one years old, her doctor explained the procedure and she opted to get it done, not knowing what side effects would follow and that she would have to schedule her life around the side effects, mainly one – the bleeding. “The bleeding would soak through a tampon, a pad and onto my clothes," Hall says. "Some days,
Given the recognized variety of investments and actors in providing safe abortion services to women in the world, yet complications of abortion are one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Professional associations have a responsibility to ensure that women’s abortion care services including safe abortion care are improving. FIGO is dedicated to the improvement of women’s health and rights, including promoting safe abortion care. In support of these, the national obstetrics and gynecology associations should play a great role in the abortion advocacy work to provide abortion services to women in the country.
Before reviewing this article, I was not familiar with the condition adnexal torsion, nor was I familiar with the use of sonography to aid in diagnosing adnexal torsion. Learning about the clinical importance of sonography, and its role in diagnosis and treatment of this gynecological condition is something I found very interesting. Adnexal torsion describes a condition in which the adnexal components twist around their axis, causing obstruction of arterial, venous, and lymphatic processes (Navve, Hershkovitz, Zetounie, Klein, Tepper, 2013). The purpose of using sonography to help diagnose adnexal torsion is to look for what is called the “whirlpool sign”. In most cases, the whirlpool sign appears on a sonogram resembling that of a bulls-eye target or a snail shell. This study focused on the location of that whirlpool sign, medial or lateral to the ovary, and the clinical importance of the location.
The students at the school saw cases like this often and stated “the hospitals make it nearly impossible for the women to get the IUDs removed later—they don’t want these women having any more babies!” (441). Another example of violencia obstetrica is a standard practice in many Mexican hospitals called revision de cavidad. In this practice “the doctor manually scrapes out the woman’s uterus (after delivery of the baby and placenta) with a gloved hand to make sure that no pieces of the placenta remain that could cause infection” (445). The WHO says that this practice is harmful and ineffective and should be eliminated, and Mexican midwives see it as “horrible” and “unnecessary”
Central Idea: Pain management is an important aspect of childbirth that women need to educate themselves on so they can make an informed decision when choosing which method they will use.
Many women that choose to have an abortion do not realize that it is a dangerous surgery with serious side effects. These side effects are both physical and psychological. Having an abortion is unnatural and interrupts this function of the human body. “The women’s body naturally resists the abortion, causing physical and emotional problems” (“Who does Abortion Affect?”). Almost all of the women who had abortions feel that they have made the wrong decision. The women are not informed about the side effects of abortion. Many women that had abortions said their doctors gave “little or no information about the potential health risks
This method is defined as “any procedure used to terminate a suspected pregnancy no later than 14 days after the expected onset of a menstrual period” (Costa, 163). Most physicians say that the Menstrual Extraction is a “do it yourself” (Costa, 164) technique. All that is needed to perform this abortion is a flexible cannula and a suction device (i.e. syringe); there is also no need for dilatation. The Menstrual Extraction is a very dangerous practice. Women who use this method turn out not to be pregnant. This is because the uterus was not cleaned out completely. They were facing risks they did not need to face. There are more dangers and risks if the abortion is not performed after seven weeks LMP. There are more risks if the abortion is performed earlier than seven weeks LMP. Clearly, the menstrual extraction is not the best way to go.
A first time pregnant woman in labor who has limited medical knowledge about episiotomy may become frighten when all of a sudden as she is actively pushing, the provider tells her stop because the passageway to let the baby out is narrow, therefore he/she is going to perform a procedure which involves an incision made to the vagina that will assist the birthing process, therefore allowing the baby to be delivered easily and preventing further complications. This might be really frightening to the patient due to her limited knowledge and prior misconceptions about the procedure.
First of all, Abortion should not be legalized in the Philippines for it is a painful surgery. Despite the use of such anesthetics, Almost 97% of women that committed abortions have been reported experiencing extreme pain during the procedure. Compared to other pains, researchers have rated the pain from abortion as more afflictive than a bone fracture, about the same as cancer pain. The use of more powerful general anesthetics can reduce the pain, but it increases the risk of cervical injury. On the other hand, if you choose to keep your child, you will feel that labor pain was not that bad at all. Because after those intense cramping, once you hold the baby, you forget all about the pain you were in during
Various researchers have carried out studies in the area of premarital checkup area in a view to expand the knowledge scope and also get to understand the perceptions of individuals towards this area.