BOOK SUMMARY: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN THOUGHT AND THE
OLD TESTAMENT BY JOHN H. WALTON
Old Testament Introduction OBST 510
May 4, 2014
Part 1 – Comparative Studies
Chapter 1: History and Methods
History: Walton begins the chapter with the “rediscovery of Egypt which began in the eighteenth century AD and of Mesopotamia in the mid nineteenth century AD.” There were discoveries of tens of thousands of texts that were excavated, translated and studied. Many of these tablets and texts did coincide with the Bible. Walton outlines comparative study which is the study that attempts to understand things when compared to their broader cultural context. The goal in this case is to understand the Old Testament compared to the ANE. There have
…show more content…
If other beliefs of the ANE were based on Myth, and Hebrew belief was radically different, then Oswalt questions how we include the Bible as a myth. The real question is how to define myth?
The Problem of Definition: In this chapter Oswalt discusses the many accepted definitions of a myth. He combines the similarities of all the definitions to establish what is consistent in order determine a true definition of myth. There must be consistency in the definition for it to be accepted. Oswalt shows that if the definition is too broad it loses validity. E.g. Automobiles are moving objects with wheels. If this is true, is a wheel barrel than considered an automobile? Oswalt further explains that the nature of the definition must describe and not evaluate the credibility of the meaning. Broadening or judging the definition to answer the unexplained does not answer the question or define if the Bible is a myth.
Historical-Philosophical, Etymological, Sociological, Literary, and Phenomenological: There are many approaches to describing what a myth is and Oswalt reviews each accepted theological definition. They all have differences and similarities in how they define what a myth is. Oswalt believes in order to really define a myth we must narrow the definition and not use speculation or opinion to get a true definition.
The Centrality of Continuity: In summary all the descriptive definitions and approaches to define a myth lead to one
ANSWER: Yes; our explanations would definitely qualify as myths, for the simple fact it being used in the sense of explaining
The thought of the Bible being considered a myth has changes over the years. The though went from God and Bible not being able to be considered a myth, to mythical literature being at the center of the Israelites faith. The data has not changed, instead it is the perspective of scholars. This raises a question asked by younger scholars about accepting the Bible as truth if the history surrounding it is false. The definition of myth has been broadened over recent years to include the Bible. Oswalt discusses how a myth cannot be whatever a person decides it can be. It also cannot not be too broad that it could really be very many different things.
One of the major differences that A.J. Jacobs illuminates as major differences between the world of the Old Testament and our recent society is that the hundreds of laws listed on the 5 first books of the Old Testament might no longer apply to our contemporary society. Some of the reasons these laws are irrational is because they were harsh and basically impossible to achieve. However, I disagree with him in picking and choosing the right parts of the Bible. This is a dangerous statement because it opens the door to pick and choose what fits our model; therefore justification to sin might occur as a consequence. Nevertheless, these laws were given to one group of people, the Jews.
The book is broken up into two sections. The first half of the book, “The Bible and Myth,” Oswalt takes the time to define what a myth is and what
theme. The statement “It’s a myth” means that a tale or story may be based on some truth, but that it
A simple definition of a myth is a story handed down through history, often through oral tradition, that explains or gives value to the unknown. Myths are composed of stories or explanations. Myths are not always false sometimes they have some truth to them. They come to being by people making an assumption about a person based on their race.
Then in that single sentences a myth is a belief that is often known as religious belief to most people and through time it has lost its credibility. On the other hand, we can also consider to be real and valid beliefs in any given culture. Like Christianity and Islam, just to name just two, are known as religion to the people. Because they are known to their people as the true version of the world. But both have different views on what is real and
What does it mean to say that Judiasm is a form of the “myth of history”? Give examples from both the biblical and postbiblical periods.
When studying any piece of literature there are many different methods and techniques that can be used. The Bible, in specific, is often referred to as a source of moral code, hope, and answers to social, ethical, and political questions. However, this incredibly influential book can also be read as if it were any other novel. The events, settings, and characters can all be evaluated for what they are, forgetting the notion that they are from a religious text. This approach is called narrative criticism. When regarding to the Bible in this way, we do not need to know any historical information or focus on seeking a deeper theological meaning. Instead, the stories are evaluated in terms of how
A myth is a symbolic way of expressing truths and beliefs that are accepted by society. Myths, which are reading literature that is imaginative, teach truths that may not always have a basis for historical fact. Myths, which communicate ideas in story form, are creative stories that explain and teach religious truths of sin and consequence.
Myth – Is a cultural featured folklore story of some early history regarding a supernatural phenomenon or wild belief. Myths are often told by people in order to explain a particular history or the origin of a custom. This can include contexts to a story that is over exaggerated or truthful in some perspectives. For example, the folklore history of “Bloody Mary” and saying her name three times will make her appear.
The history of how the Bible came into existence has been explored for centuries and is an active area of study today. There are many facets to the Bible and each has its own set of unique characteristics and teachings. The Old Testament is considered a contemporary guide for daily living, even though it was composed hundreds of years ago. Where did the Old Testament come from? What are some of the influences that shaped the Old Testament? What are the significant events of the Old Testament? In order to gain a better understanding of the Old Testament and its message to Christians, special consideration is given to its historical and cultural context, and to the major milestones in its development. Personal application of the teachings offered in this section of the Bible should be the aspiration of all Christians today.
Looking back, we can see glimpses of the lives of those who lived in the Ancient Near East, known as the ANE, through their stories and myths that have survived over centuries of time. Many of these stories contain unique elements that make each one personal to the civilization that they belong to, but there are common themes and ideas that are virtually shared between the traditional stories stemming from this region of the world. In fact, these parallels even extend into Old Testament literature; laced within the stories that we’ve come to know and love. It is not surprising that the Old Testament contains similarities found within ANE tradition, seeing that
The origins of torture as a method of interrogation can be dated back to the 6th century AD, back to Roman times. Many high ranking Roman officials would use torture as a ways and means to extract information from their enemies. Many high ranking Roman jurists showed the virtues of torture; they stated that it would lead to the highest forms of truth coming true. In the ages to come, we saw a number of different European countires apply Roman law to their civil systems ( a la France and Italy). With regards to criminal proceedings, they system which began to be used required the testimony of two witness or the confession of the accused individual as proof of conviction (much like our current sentencing system today). Thus, this led to the need of “ the confession” to be even more important with regards to sentencing. Thus, increasingly “desperate ways” began to be used to garner this confession and interrogation and torture became “normalized:” in the civil law system and countries that used this ststem (such as the future USA).
When this word “myth” is used, the term is usually related to a fable, invention or a fiction story. Over the years, many scholars started approaching the study of myth differently. These scholars have approach myths in a way their meaning was traditionally regarded. In many traditions these myth are true stories and never refer to as false stories. ( http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/grecoromanmyth1/a/whatismyth.htm )