Term Project
Oral Cancer
Name of the disease: Oral cancer
Name: Siqian Wu
Instructor: Tania Afroz, MD
Class code: Med-200
Section: MO1
Semester: (Spring, 2016)
Name of institution: ASA College
Date of submission: 04.12.2016
INTRODUCTION
Oral cancer is a general term for oral malignant tumor which mostly occurs in the squamous cell, as known as mucosal mutate. In clinical practice, oral cancer include the gums, tongue, soft palate cancer, carcinoma of the mandible, floor of the mouth cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, salivary gland cancer, lip cancer, maxillary sinus cancer, and some cancer occurs in the facial skin and mucous membranes. Oral cancer is one of the more common head and neck malignant tumor.
According to the latest statistics
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The mortality of oral cancer continually decreases in the snearly 30 years.
The treatment of oral cancer is similar to many other cancers. First, remove the cancerous site through surgical excision. Then follow by radiation therapy or residual cancer chemotherapy (drug treatment) to remove the remaining cancerous cells.
ETIOLOGY OF ORAL CANCER
Oral cavity is made up with the lips, cheeks (buccal mucosa) and their lining, teeth, gums, tongue, floor of the mouth under the tongue, the roof of the mouth and bone (hard palate). The area behind the wisdom teeth (called the retromolar trigone) and also included as part of the oral cavity, although it is usually considered part of the oropharynx.
The oropharynx connects with the oral cavity, and it is located behind the mouth. It is made up by different parts, like the base of the tongue (the back third of the tongue), the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth), the tonsils, and the side and back wall of the throat. The oral cancer usually starts from mouth, which is also known as oral cavity. And the oropharyngeal cancer starts in the oropharynx.
Alcohol, smoking, and chewing tobacco is the major cause of oral cancer. About 75-80 percent of oral cancer patients are alcoholic. It people both smoke and drink, the risk of oral cancer will be rapidly increased.
The risk of oral cancer can be also increased by the factors list below:
• chewing betel quid (even if it doesn’t have tobacco in it)
• low level of
the oral cavity? This research paper was written to provide information, to those who will
The American Cancer Society notes that the average age of people suffering from oral cancers is over 62 years of age. The vast majority of these cancers do not cause pain or discomfort in their early stages so detection is done through regular dental care. When problems are not detected early, the gums receded from the teeth and form pockets that collect bacteria. The gums eventually become sensitive, bleed, impact the underlying bone causing tooth loss, and end up causing disease.
Leukoplakia is pre-cancerous areas in your mouth that’s a white rough area where you would place the tobacco. Leukoplakia is the common form of oral cancer. After a period of time that white rough part of your mouth will advent ally turn into oral cancer.
As stated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, “Each year, more than 30,000 new cases of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx are diagnosed and over 8,000 deaths due to oral cancer occur.” (CDC). Most adults are unaware that they have periodontal disease or gum disease, this occurs because they do not maintain routine checkups with their dentist. When we insert food and other bacteria into our mouths, it affects our teeth and gums. We need routine dental checkups and cleanings throughout our lives. Dental checkups usually involve x-rays, cleanings, and the examination of the mouth.
Don’t smoke or drink alcohol. Drinking too much alcohol may cause oral or throat cancer, and using alcohol and tobacco together increases the chance of these diseases.
Now I am going to talk about the different structures inside the buccal cavity and their functions.
The nasal cavity (it can also be known as the nasal fossa) is a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. Each cavity is the continuation of one of the two nostrils.
Oral cancer is a devastating disease. Over eight thousand American lives are taken by oral cancer and only a fourth of these patients do not excessively drink alcohol or smoke tobacco, which are the two main causes of oral cancer (The Oral Cancer Foundation). Survival rates for oral cancer could be much higher if the population would take precautionary measures to reduce their chances of being diagnosed with oral cancer. When the use of alcohol and tobacco are decreased, the chances of acquiring oral cancer are also decreased. By visiting the dentist at least once every year, new lesions could be found. Unfortunately, only seven percent of the population, who visits the dentist regularly, receives a thorough oral cancer exam(The Oral
First of all, smoking from cigarettes, pipes or cigars are all lead to oral health problem. Smoking causes an unpleasant mouth odor because of the growth of bacteria when protein breakdown. Smoking tobacco leaves black and brown stains on the surface of the teeth and make it difficult to clean. Study also show the risk of oral cancer on
A total of 1855 biopsy specimens were accessioned at our biopsy services during the study period (2002 – 2006). In this period, 37 cases were salivary gland neoplasms accounting to 1.99% of all biopsy specimens accessioned. Of 37 cases, 11 were benign neoplasms (29.72%) and 26 were malignant (70.27%). The common tumors overall was Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and Muco-epidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (Table 1).
Blot1,WJ & McLaughlin, JK & Winn, DM & Austin, DF & Greenberg, RS & Preston-Martin, S & Bernstein, L & Schoenberg, JB & Stemhagen, A & Fraumeni, JF(1988), “Smoking and Drinking in Relation to Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer”, Cancer Res., Vol. 48.
The oral mucosa is a specialized tissue lining the oral cavity and consists of the following components: (1) the masticatory mucosa, which lines the gingiva and the hard palate; (2) the specialized mucosa covering the dorsum of the tongue; and (3) the lining mucosa which covers the reminder of the oral cavity [201, 202]. The gingiva is considered an adaptation of the oral masticatory mucosa covering the alveolar bone and surrounding the cervical portions of teeth. The gingiva protects the roots of teeth, and underlying alveolar bone from mechanical trauma and serves as the first line of defence against bacteria by preventing it from reaching the deeper structures [201, 203]. The gingiva can be demarcated into several zones at the macroscopic (as perceived by the unaided eye) and the microscopic levels according to anatomy or/ and function.
Do you want mouth cancer? I didn’t think so. “Smoking cigarettes can give you mouth\oral cancer especially with the use of a lot of alcohol,” (Oral Cancer: Causes
The purpose of the study and final conclusion do not match. In the study purpose it was mentioned that, oral cavity lesions could be indicative of palpable disease and/or recurrence of myeloma however in the conclusion it was stated that, “oral cavity lesions can be the first sign of recurrence or progression of multiple myeloma”.1
Research project submitted to the Faculty of Dentistry Ain Shams University, for registration for the Degree of Masters in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University.