Osteoarthritis Research Paper

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder. It occurs when cartilage begins to break down or be worn away and the bone rubs together. As a result bony spurs and inflammation of the joint(s) occurs. Surrounding ligaments and muscles may also weaken or stiffen. Major risk factors are: genetics, excess weight, joint injuries, jobs that involve more than an hour of joint stressing activities like kneeling, and sports that involve direct impact on the joints, twisting, or throwing. Bleeding disorders, disorders that blood supply near joints, and other types of arthritis can cause osteoarthritis. Symptoms typically begin while one is middle aged and almost everyone shows some symptoms of OA by age 70. This is important to note because OA is seemingly inevitable for everybody. OA is not curable and typically gets worse with time, but the symptoms can be managed. Strength in weight bearing joints, the hip, the knee, and the ankle, is particularly important for prevention. Also important are not overusing joints and maintaining a normal body weight.

A total of 59 participants took part in this experiment. They were split into two independent experimental groups, one being the control group, and the other the experimental group. There were 30 participants in the control group, and 29 participants in the experimental group. The male to female ratio was fairly equal with

8. The researchers state that the sample for their study was 28 women with a diagnosis of OA, and that 18 were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 10 were randomly assigned to the control group. Discuss the study strengths and/or weaknesses in this statement.

2. What data and method does the author use to evaluate this intervention? Why was that data and method used?

They were 67 participants in study 1 and they were students from the Princeton University subject pool, there was an equal amount of men and women in the study and 1 unknown. Also, 2 of the participants were excluded from the study, 1 because he was already exposed to the experiment material and the other

The study will be separated into two groups, one will be the experimental group that will receive the intervention while the control group will receive pain medication. The intervention that the

Osteoarthritis is the most common rheumatic disease, primarily affects the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone of a synovial joint, eventually resulting in joint failure. People with progressive symptomatic knee osteoarthritis experience pain and increasing difficulty with daily functional activities. In fact, knee osteoarthritis bears more responsibility than any other disease for disability in walking, stair climbing and housekeeping.

There were 84 participants in experiment 1 raging from ages 52 to 84, they were recruited through newspaper, porters, and libraries. These participants were then divided into two groups (middle-aged and older adults). In the middle-aged group there were 30 females and 10 males and in the older adults group there were 21 female and 23 males. In experiment 2, there were 71 participants, 30 young adults, 19 older adults, and 22 AD patients. They were between the ages of 17 and 90 and were separated into three groups. The young adults group had 21 females and 9 males, the older adults have 11 females and 8 males, and the AD patients had 16 females and 6 males. The participants went through different types of tests during the study and they were given a certain time to complete them. The researchers collected their data by given the participants a series of questions asking them to writing down certain things that they remembered about the information they had previously given the

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder, and more than half of all Americans who are older than 65 have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis. However, recent US data has revealed knee osteoarthritis does not discriminate age, and there is growing evidence that osteoarthritis affects individuals at a young age. The annual cost of osteoarthritis due to treatment and loss of productivity in the US is estimated to be more than 65 billion dollars.1 With no cure currently available for osteoarthritis, current treatments focus on management of symptoms. The primary goals of therapy include improved joint function, pain relief, and increased joint stability. Although the exact cause of osteoarthritis is unknown, many risk factors have been identified including increased age, female gender, obesity, and trauma.2 Within these risk factors, the etiology of osteoarthritis has been divided into anatomy, body mass, and gender.

OA is a musculoskeletal disease that causes chronic joint pain and reduced physical functioning (Laba, brien, Fransen, & jan, 2013). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a non-inflammatory disorder of synovial joints that results in loss of hyaline cartilage and remodeling of surrounding bone. OA is the single most common joint disease, with an estimated prevalence of 60% in men and 70% in women later in life after the age of 65 years, affecting an estimated 40 million people in the United States (Goodman & Fuller, 2009). Women are more commonly affected after the age of 55, almost everyone has some symptoms by the age of 70 (Tan, Zahara, Colburn & Hawkins, 2013, p.78). Osteoarthritis can be described radiological, clinical, or subjective.

The sampling plan was clearly described in the study. There were four focus groups that the research was conducted on. The researchers explains in the beginning of the study that each group had eight members that were women aged sixty or older. The criteria was for the participants was to not be taking any treatment for osteoporosis. The researchers outlined the group of individuals that participated in the research study. The sample consisted of African Americans as well as non-Hispanic white women. The voice recordings of the four group discussions were written out exactly what was said two times and then it was compared for precision. The second time the recordings are transcribed are important because themes became clearer to interpret. The researchers put in great detail that the four groups chose an osteoporosis therapy and explained why they picked it after being presented the benefits and risks of four alternative treatments that included alendronate, estrogen replacement therapy, raloxifene and calcium. The risks and benefits were presented using pictures instead of hard-to-understand probabilities. This enhances the study since the researchers put the research data into easily understood language for the participants. When it comes to

Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs flexible tissue at the end of bones wears down. However us cannot be cured , there are some treatments that may help. This may last for years or even your lifetime. The wearing down of the protective tissue at the end of bones occurs gradually and worsens over time. There is joint pains in the neck , hand , lower part of the back , knee or hips ( most commonly ). Medications , physical therapy and sometimes surgery can help reduce the pain and maintain joint movement. For the diagnoses they may be expected after medical history and medical examination. Or even in joint aspiration. Doctors numbs the area , inserts the needle into the joint to withdraw the fluid. When inserting the needle were

In the experiment, the participants were volunteers chosen by purposive sampling. This type of sampling picks out people who fits a certain quality or characteristic (Cozby, & Bates, 2011). Given this, the experimenters explicitly chose an equal number of men and women to perform the action. Thus, 25 men and 25 women took part in the research. Adam and Jamie conducted a systematic observation to attentively investigate the participants’ behavior (Cozby, & Bates, 2011). The volunteers were asked to put their hand in an ice water bowl for the cold pressor test. Then, they must first reported the moment they started to feel pain, and then pulled their hand out when the pain is deemed unbearable. The experimenters then timed the duration the men

Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis are both, obviously, some of the many forms of arthritis. According to my Health Science teacher’s marvelous powerpoint, Osteoarthritis is “a progressive roughening of normally smooth cartilage, eventually wearing it away,” and Rheumatoid Arthritis is “an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks healthy joint tissues.” The major difference between Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis is the way they are brought on, or caused. Osteoarthritis is more self-inflicted than Rheumatoid Arthritis. To elaborate, Osteoarthritis is caused by one’s overuse of a certain joint and some of the many risk factors of this are: being overweight, aging, and joint injury. Rheumatoid Arthritis, however, cannot be

In application 6.1 the article read was ‘Heart Treatment’s Value Doubted’ by Michael Specter. In order to determine if angioplasties are necessary or just damaging and costly, researchers conducted a randomized comparative experiment. The reason randomized comparative experiments are used is because the group of people to choose from have to legally be willing to participate. The subjects in the experiment are the 3,262 people who were willing to participate in the experiment. There are two treatments in order to compare and get an explanation as to if angioplasties are needed. One of the treatments is just TPA, a clot dissolving drug, and the other treatment is TPA followed by an angioplasty, surgical widening of a blocked or narrowed blood