Paper On Leonhard Euler

David Hilbert was born in Konigsberg, Prussia on January 23, 1862 and went on to pursue a career in mathematics in his mother country before receiving a doctorate in 1885 for his study and thesis of invariant theory (David Hilbert, n.d.). Hilbert went on to begin a professional academic career at Konigsberg, where he taught until 1895 when he was "appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Gottingen, a post that he would hold for the remainder of his life.

This will lead to an explanation of motion, the development of the calculus, and the establishment of basic laws of modern physics.

Finally, during the European enlightenment, men like Fermat, Pascal, and Isaac Barrow further pursued the emerging new field developing the concept of the derivative. Barrow even offered the first proof of the fundamental theorem of calculus linking the concepts of differentiation and integration; however, it was one of Barrow’s young students, Isaac Newton who would make the next big splash in the creation of the art of calculus.

In Europe, the second half of the 17th century was a time of major innovation. Calculus provided a new opportunity in mathematical physics to solve long-standing problems. Several mathematicians contributed to these breakthroughs, notably John Wallis and Isaac Barrow. James Gregory proved a special case of the second fundamental theorem of calculus in AD 1668.

In her early life, Kovalevsky belong to a wealthy, Russian family who provided her with special tutors who prolonged her newfound fascination with mathematics, many of which were women rights activists and shared their knowledge on the subject with her. Once Kovalevsky moved to Berlin, she began visiting a private tutor – as she was not allowed to attend college at the time. It wasn’t until 1870 that she submitted her papers on Saturn's rings and on elliptic integrals to the University of Göttingen. This forwarded her career as she had earned her doctorate for these studies.

The mathematic that not only facilitated in the renaissance but provide the key a new science of nature from Galileo.

Prior to Galileo’s time, the Greek and medieval mind, science was a kind of formalism, a means of coordinating data, which had no bearing on the ultimate reality of things. The point was to give order to complicated data, and all that mattered was the hypothesis that was simplest to understand and most convenient. Astronomy and mathematics were regarded as the playthings of intellectuals. They were accounted as having neither philosophical nor theological relevance. There was genuine puzzlement among Churchmen that they had to get involved in a quarrel over planetary orbits.

In the year 1941 he attended the University of Cracow. While attending this university is where his love for astronomy began. In 1495, his uncle was the bishop a canonry in Frauenburg. A law from the chapter commanded that every canon that did not have a degree in theology, medicine, or prudence had to go to school for three years straight and get that degree. Copernicus did not have a degree so in the year of 1947 he went to Bologna to study law. He only picked this branch of study because of his membership at the cathedral chapter. Although he was studying law, this did not interfere with his love for astronomy or math. In 1499, Copernicus was having some financial troubles. His brother, Andrew who was also in Bologna, helped his some. It was his uncle, the bishop who saved him from the troubles. A year later in 1500 he was in Rome, teaching a large class on mathematics. A

After receiving his master’s and writing another dissertation, Leonhard attempted to obtain a position as a physics professor at the University of Basel, but was unsuccessful. Meanwhile, Johann Bernoulli’s two sons, Daniel and Nicolaus, obtained positions in St. Petersburg at the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences in 1725. Nicolaus soon passed away in 1726, resulting in Daniel assuming his position in the mathematics/physics division. Daniel immediately recommended that his previous position in physiology be given to Leonhard Euler. Within months of accepting the position Euler was promoted to a position in the mathematics/physics department. When the Academy's funds were cut Euler accepted an additional job, serving as a medical lieutenant

He became a mathematics and astronomy teacher at a school in Graz, despite his desire to become a minister, but soon left to Prague and met Tycho Brahe.

Though he was developing and testing his theories, Galileo was not exposed to mathematics but was intrigued in the subject after attending a geometry lecture. He then began to study mathematics and natural philosophy instead of medicine since right before he earned his degree, the university cut him off due to unpaid funds. Returning to Florence, he lectured at the Florentine academy, where he studied and applied his new interests, and in 1586 he published an essay describing his invention of the hydrostatic balance, when fluid is at rest, which made his name known throughout Italy. With his other interest of philosophy, Galileo studied fine arts and received an instructer position in the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in Florence in 1588 where he met Cigoli, a painter, who applied Galileo’s astronomical observations in his painting. This led Galileo to expand his mentality to be more aesthetic.

departure. Euler lost the sight of his right eye at the age of 31 and

Lagrange accomplished many things throughout his career and life that should not be duly noted. As a professor, Lagrange taught mechanics and calculus. However, his impatience tested his teaching methods as it started to create problems with students liking his classes. The following year in 1756, Lagrange sent some of his work to colleague, Leonhard Euler, who then sent it to the French mathematician, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, the President of the Berlin Academy, now known as the Prussian Academy of Sciences. Vastly impressed by the work of Lagrange, Maupertuis invited him to Prussia to become a figure there. Such an invitation would probably have made him more widely known in the science world during that time, but Lagrange courteously declined the invitation as he was content with his life in Turin. Nevertheless, on September 2, 1756, Lagrange was elected to the Berlin Academy. The next year, 1757, Lagrange formed the Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin which was much alike the Berlin Academy. “Lagrange’s work during this period covered a variety of topics, such as calculus of variations, calculus of probabilities and foundations of dynamics. Later, he also worked on fluid mechanics, linear differential equations,

He even did extensive work in certain areas of science. His first mathematic instructions were that of his father, who was a pastor in a neighboring town. His father had significant achievements in mathematics. Realizing his son’s potential, Euler’s father sent him

Mathematics has contributed to the alteration of technology over many years. The most noticeable mathematical technology is the evolution of the abacus to the many variations of the calculator. Some people argue that the changes in technology have been for the better while others argue they have been for the worse. While this paper does not address specifically technology, this paper rather addresses influential persons in philosophy to the field of mathematics. In order to understand the impact of mathematics, this paper will delve into the three philosophers of the past who have contributed to this academic. In this paper, I will cover the views of three philosophers of mathematics encompassing their