Parkinson's Disease As A Medical Condition

James Parkinson first discovered Parkinson's Disease in 1817. Parkinson's Disease is a common neurologic disorder for the elderly. It is a disorder of the brain characterized by shaking and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination. This disease is associated with damage to a part of the brain that controls muscle movement. Parkinson's Disease is a chronic illness that is still being extensively studied.

Each year more than 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PDF, 2014). That sixty thousand does not include the many thousand cases that go undetected each year. Parkinson’s is a progressive disorder that occurs in the nervous system. This disease affects a person’s movement. Parkinson’s disease develops progressively. The most common first sign of Parkinson’s is slight shaking of a body part. In the initial phase of Parkinson’s a person will experience slurring of speech and an expressionless face (Mayo Clinic, 2014). With time, the symptoms of Parkinson’s exacerbate. This disease is most frequently seen in people over the age of 50 (PDF, 2014). Parkinson’s disease is generated by a great number of reasons.

The main symptoms and signs of Parkinson’s are bradykinesia, rigidity and rest tremor. Parkinson’s is mainly seen as a movement disorder, but other areas of health problems are associated with it. These include depression and dementia along with autonomic disturbances and pain, although considered to be rare they can present at a later stage of the condition. These rarer symptoms, as they progress, can lead to substantial disability and handicap which harms quality of life for the person living with Parkinson’s, this also has an impact on families and carer’s.

Parkinson disease (PD), also referred to as Parkinson’s disease and paralysis agitans, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the third most common neurologic disorder of older adults. It is a debilitating disease affecting motor ability and is characterized by four cardinal symptoms: tremor rigidity, bradykinesia or kinesis (slow movement/no movement), and postural instability. Most people have primary, or idiopathic, disease. A few patients have secondary parkinsonian symptoms from conditions such as brain tumors and certain anti-psychotic drugs.

Parkinson’s disease is a disorder that progresses over time. It affects your movement through your nervous system; the disorder causes stiffness, and slow movement in your body. Most noticeably started in little “tremors” in your hands it gradually increases over time. Early stages consists little expression in your face or no movement in your arms as you walk. Your speech may also slur, or slow down. Symptoms usually worsen over time.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. Since an increasing number of people are reaching a high age, it is predicted that also the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease will be higher in the future. The symptoms of the disease are both motor symptoms like tremor and impairment of the gait, but along with that, psychological symptoms and memory loss are evident in many cases.

Parkinson disease is known as a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system. Some of the main symptoms of the disorder include tremor, muscular rigidity and slow imprecise movement. On the other hand Alzheimer 's disease is the most common cause of dementia. The disorder includes memory loss along with difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or language.

This journal article discusses the history of Parkinson’s disease. An overview of the how Parkinson’s disease was discovered is provided. The overview of the history includes reference to James Parkinson’s essay which was the first to document the symptoms of Parkinson’s as well as how Parkinson’s was differentiated from other neurological disorders. Symptoms, the evolution of treatment options, including pharmacopeia, surgery, as well as placebo therapy. Multiple historical documents are referenced to provide the history of Parkinson’s disease.

Parkinson’s Disease is known as one of the most common progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. It belongs to a group of conditions known as movement disorders. Parkinson disease is a component of hypokinetic disorder because it causes a decreased in bodily movement. It affects people who are usually over the age of 50. It can impair an individual motor as well as non-motor function. Some of the primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are characterized by tremors or trembling in hands, legs and arms. In early symptoms the tremor can be unilateral, appearing in one side of body but progression in the disease can cause it to spread to both sides; rigidity or a resistant to movement affects most people with Parkinson’s disease,

Parkinson’s involves the death or diminished neurons in the brain. The part of the brain infected the most with this particular disease is known as the substantia nigra. Some neurons, in this particular area of the brain, produce dopamine. Dopamine is a chemical that sends messages to the part of the brain where movement and coordination are controlled. When the neurons die and Parkinson’s disease progresses, the affected person’s movement move farther and farther from normality. Eventually, a person experiencing Parkinson’s disease can come to a point of not having any control of their movements. Parkinson’s disease

Usually arising after the age of 60 years old, this disease is very rare in younger individuals (What Causes Parkinson’s, 2017). The cause of this disease still remains unknown, but there are queries that it is caused by a combination of environmental factors and genetics (What Causes Parkinsons, 2017). The basis of the disease revolves around a lack of dopamine and neurotransmitter, within the brain (Vaughan, 2016). Cells called Substantia Nigra that produce dopamine in the brain become damaged in individuals with this disease (What is Parkinson’s Disease, 2017). Without an adequate amount of dopamine, the brain begins to have difficulties transmitting its messages (Vaughan, 2016). This abnormality has a number of affects on the body’s ability to coordinate everyday movements. The symptoms related to motor ability are the result of irreversible damage to the extrapyramidal system (Burchum & Rosenthal, 2016). In the early stages of the disease, individuals can be expected to see mild symptoms arise unilaterally that then progress to bilaterally (Lehman, 2014). Primary symptoms of this disease are bradykinesia, tremors, unsteady balance stiffness in the arms, legs and trunk, (Motor Symptoms, 2017). The symptoms that are secondary include: micrographia, shuffled walk, hypomimia, hypophonia, retropulsion, and difficulty with automatic reflexes such as swallowing (Motor Symptoms, 2017). The symptoms can impact individual’s everyday tasks and bring upon a huge shift in their way of

Definition: “Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive disease of the nervous system characterized by the cardinal features of rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, and postural instability” (O’Sullivan and Schmitz, 2007). The condition can develop between age group 60 and 80 years and symptoms mostly appear around 60 years of age (O’Sullivan and Schmitz, 2007).

Charcot examined a large group of patients within Salpetriere Hospital in Paris, he had developed a way to observe tremors in action and at rest. “He noted that the patients with action tremor had accompanying features of weakness, spasticity, and visual disturbance. In contrast, those with rest tremor differed in having rigidity, slowed movements, a typical hunched posture, and very soft spoken.” (Goetz 2011) Charcot early tremor studies helped to establish Parkinson’s Disease through his very high publicized findings that neurological entity could be confidently be diagnosed. In 1957 a Swedish scientist Arvid Carlsson found out that dopamine in the brain region that is important for movement control. He showed that the levels of dopamine can be reduced in animals to cause symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease and also by giving the animals levodopa (L-dopa) to reverse the symptoms of PD. PD is second most common neurodegenerative after Alzheimer’s Disease and the most common movement disorder. Over 60,000 people here in the United States are diagnosed every year but they say the numbers can be much higher with undiagnosed people out there but over one million people live with Parkinson daily.10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson’s Disease and April 11th is World Parkinson’s Day. On April 11th, 2017 marked 200 years since James Parkinson publicized his essay.

Parkinson’s disease is a disease of the central nervous system that affects movement, causing widespread tremors along with other symptoms. It is a result of the loss of dopamine-releasing cells in the midbrain, specifically the substantia nigra pars compacta. There are many theories as to how Parkinson’s disease develops, including the possibility of genetic mutations, certain toxins in the environment, and oxidative stress. The vast majority of Parkinson’s patients are males older than fifty; however, there are cases of Parkinson’s disease in children as young as thirteen. Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include isolated or widespread tremors, stiffness, and slowing of movement. There

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by physical and psychological disabilities. This disorder was named after James Parkinson, an English physician who first described it as shaking palsy in 1817 (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). Jean- Martin Charcot, who was a French neurologist, then progressed and further refined the description of the disease and identified other clinical features of PD (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). PD involves the loss of cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine in a part of the brain stem called the substansia nigra, which results in several signs and symptoms (Byrd, Marks, and Starr, 2000). It is manifested clinically by tremor,