Party List Voting Systems

Proportionality is a key factor in assessing the fairness of a voting system, if a parties number of votes is not equal or close to their number of seats in parliament then the voters’ are being misrepresented. AMS is a PR system, which results in a party’s

There is a number of systems that use PR such as the Single Transferable Vote (STV) (the Regional and National Lists) and the Alternative Vote. There is a third system that combines these two, known as the Additional Member System (AMS) or the hybrid or top-up system. The AMS system is presently used in elections for the Scottish Parliament, where voters can vote for single candidates in their constituencies but also for candidates from regional 'lists' put forward by each party. If there is a discrepancy between the percentage of seats the party has won and the percentage of votes cast, the seats are 'topped up' from the

Ian Marsh argues that the 2010 election shows that the Australian two-party system is “past its used- by date”. Do you agree? Why/why not?

In this essay I will assess the outcomes of Additional Member system, First Past the Post system and the Closed Party List system. The F-P-T-P system is used to elect the members of House of Commons and local government in England and Wales. Voters select candidates, and do so by marking his or her name with an ‘X’ on the ballot paper. This reflects the principle of ‘one person, one vote’. The Additional Members system is used in Scottish parliament, Welsh assembly, and Northern Ireland Assembly and Greater London assembly. It is a mixed system made up of F-P-T-P and party-list elements. The Regional party list (or the closed party list) is used to elect the

The role of decision making process plays in the activities of a political party by seeking the influence of the public and getting their candidate elected for office. When the time comes to make certain decisions, a political party has key tasks that they performsuch as: Interacting and educating the public about political values, transforming the publics opinions and turn theminto viable policy options, andmost of all choosing and training the candidates they want for the public office.

Basically, voters select one candidate from their riding, just like in an SMP system, but they also place a vote for which party they would like to form the government. This second vote determines the amount of seats that each party gains proportional to the amount of votes they collected in the countries. The representatives from each party are then made up of the elected representatives from each riding (if that party was able to elect any) and other members selected by the leader1. An STV system, which is what the Citizen’s Assembly recommended to the people of BC, can be found in Ireland, Malta, and in some levels of government in Australia. Voters rank candidates according to their priorities, choosing as many as they wish. For example, a certain voter could select a Conservative as his or her first choice, a Liberal as the second, a New Democrat as third, and then cast no votes for the Green Party. When each a candidate reaches a certain quota of first place votes, they are elected, and the extra first place votes that they did not need are distributed to the other parties according to their overall ranking. If a second candidate is then elected, his or her extra votes are then distributed to the remaining parties, and so on . This system is rather complicated, especially when compared to our current system, but computerized voting systems have generally alleviated any problems.

The final thing to look at in terms of party competition in Texas is straight-ticket voting. Between 1978 and 1996 the main two-party competition between straight-ticket voters was in the Big 6 counties, although some of the suburbs were towards a one-party direction (Thornburn 208). On the other hand, since 1998, the Republican's one-party dominance has led them to gain most of the straight-ticket voters across the state. The biggest fluctuations have happened in the state’s Big 6 counties between 1998 and 2012, going back and forth between Republican and Democrat, but El Paso and Travis county have stayed mostly Democratic while Tarrant county has stayed mostly Republican. However, in 2012, only one of the counties, Caldwell, “gave more

The system that the Law Commission ultimately recommended was the mixed-member proportional electoral system. In the MMP system a portion of representatives, usually between 50 and 60 percent, are elected from single-member districts, similar to FPTP, with the remainder of seats being elected from party lists, based on the party’s share of the popular vote (Law Commission 22). Each voter gets to cast two votes, one for the party that they support and another for the representative member that they prefer. Party lists can be either closed, where voters are not able to influence the order of candidates, or open, where voters have the ability to influence the ranking of candidates. A threshold for representation is usually set in order to prevent fringe and extremist parties from gaining seats in government. This system is used in Germany, New Zealand, Venezuela and Lesotho (Joseph 113).

The Additional Member system is able to combine both First Past The Post and Proportional representation. A proportion of sets is awarded through FPTP, while the rest are awarded on a regional list system. The electorate is able to vote for a constituency candidate, and a party as well. Therefore some of the elected representatives have a constituency to look after, whilst other do not. The rest are allocated on a proportional basis. AMS is used in the UK for the elections for the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales and the London Assembly. The main advantages to this system is that there is a fair degree of proportionality to the votes cast and that voters can vote for both candidates and parties.

Each member represents a riding or area within Canada. The current system elects members by holding elections in each of these ridings. Candidates will either run as a representative of a political party or independently. The candidate who receives the most votes is the winner of that riding’s election (“The Electoral System of Canada”). In contrast, a proportional representative system would look entirely different.

A two-party system is a form of party system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections. As a result, all, or nearly all, elected offices end up being held by candidates chosen by one of the two major parties. Under a two-party system, one of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority party while the other is the minority party. The United States of America is considered a two-party system. The chances for third party candidates winning election to any office are remote, although it's possible for groups within the larger parties, or in opposition to one or both of them, to have an influence

A political party is defined as a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on policies and programs for the society with a view to promote their supporters' interests. In democracies, political parties are elected by the electorate to run a government. The United States is a considered a two-party system, with its two most powerful parties being the Republican Party and the Democratic Party.

The Kingdom of Engles mainly has a two party system where voting is either between the commoners party and the kings party. Voting is based on a first past the post (FPTP), which means that voters give the MPs a seat in parliament, and the party

Political parties are critical structures in the modern society and universal phenomena in most democracies. In fact, they form major objects of intensive study as they are usually the centre of political and social power. They engage in most activities that are of significant consequence in the lives of citizens and link the common populace to the government. Therefore, it is important to understand political parties fully from every perspective of political systems so obtain their real importance in democracies. A political party is basically a group of citizens who converge as voters, activists, electoral candidates and office holders with a common party label and seek to elect party members into public offices. While modern political

When it comes to voting, this version of democratic society makes voting more organized and gives some direction to what one should vote for. It helps to narrow down candidates from hundreds to just a few in order to avoid producing confusion from a mass amount of candidates. Political parties basically formed the invisible government and this helped to narrow down candidates through manipulation, which in return helped voting to be more organized. Political parties would narrow down candidates to two or four at the most which helped guide people in a more focused direction rather than voting for hundreds of different candidates. Bernays feels we voluntarily let the invisible government narrow our choices to a more practical proportion and