There many steps that could have been taken to reduce the Japanese effectiveness in carrying out the attack on Pearl Harbor, but a good first that should have been taken by intelligence practitioners and policymakers during this period was to think critically. There are various methods to apply critical thinking but this case study will only explore a few. First, we will discuss the use of the analytical method, Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment (JIPOE). The next analytic research technique explored will be the use of Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH). Then the case study will wrap up thinking critically by discussing the affects of mirror imaging in the Pearl Harbor scenario. As mentioned there are various methods that could have been used but the best method would have been the use of JIPOE. JIPOE is broken down into a four step process: define the operational environment, describe the impact of the operational environment, evaluate the adversary, and determine adversary courses of actions (COAs). Assuming the U.S. was using JIPOE the first two steps would not have helped very much because the focus would have been on Japan as the operational environment. However, the third step in JIPOE process is intended to find out everything there is to know about the enemy. For instance, …show more content…
Open source intelligence (OSINT) is an intelligence discipline that was not formally recognized during that period of history but would have been extremely helpful. Electronic intelligence (ELINT) could have also been used to provide indications and warning (I &W) of a forthcoming attack. Finally, imagery intelligence (IMINT) would have tipped the scale in the U.S. favor while the Japanese were in transit to Pearl
When the bombing of pearl harbor took place, many people thought the United states remained neutral in WWII prior to this devastating event. Cartoons were being drawn of the U.S showing no aid or support to our allies such as the cartoon in document 3. The United States remained politically neutral in WWII prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, however the U.S. was preparing for war behind closed doors.
Gowrie, Iowa native, Orval Hasty needed money to attend college, so he joined the marines in 1940, he ended up earning this money after the war. He got assigned at Ford Island to guard In February 1941. Around the 450 acre island there were other vessels and battleships. Orval said, "It was good duty. The climate was nice, we weren 't overworked and it was fun," with regard to the Naval Air Station Ford Island. When not at work Orval attended flying lessons, visited shows, and hung out at beaches. Sleeping in on Sunday mornings was normal for Marines and Sailors not on duty. Orval got up early asking his parents about his driver’s license through the mail. Orval didn’t know what was about to happen. No one knew. Before dawn 183 Japanese bomber planes, torpedo planes and fighter planes took flight on their way to Pearl Harbor. Wave two came later.
December 7, 1941: Attacks on Pearl Harbor: Around November 25, the US intercepted a message of an imminent attack on US soil. In addition, Japan started to move its navy towards Hawaii. Washington’s response to this was a warning to Hawaii, indicating the anticipated attack. However, on December 7, 1941, a fleet on Japanese bombers approached Pearl Harbor with the intent to bomb the navy port. US navy ships were left defenseless as the Japanese torpedoes starting to sink them. Within two hours, US lost eight battleships, two cruisers, and more than a hundred planes. About two thousand soldiers died and one thousand were injured. As a result of this attack, President Roosevelt addressed the Congress, asking for the declaration of war. On
relentlessly. Although Japan and the United States had been allies in World War I, and the United
Intelligence gathering and collection in the United States has significantly increased over time. This paper examines how intelligence reporting and pre-mission planning was crucial to the success of the United Nations involvement at The Battle of Inchon during the Korean War. By examining how intelligence played a role in this battle, you will be able to understand why it is important to gather and collect intelligence prior to every mission executed. Intelligence collection should be the baseline for all military operations. Inchon Landing has an ample amount of actionable intelligence; collected and disseminated appropriately we will discuss how it played a role in a low probability mission accomplishment to the last great amphibious assault in history. This paper provides detailed explanations on why The Battle of Inchon was a success and what could have been the outcome had it gone the other way.
The day Pearl Harbor was attacked was December 7th 1941, or better know as the day of infamy. In this paper we are going to outline the attack on Pearl Harbor, why it was attacked, how it was attacked, and the effects of the attack.
The Battle at Midway was a critical turning point of the war in the Pacific during World War II. Attribution to American success is in direct relation to their ability to conduct signal collection and crypto-analysis leading to the battle. The elimination of this capability from consideration during the preparation for this battle will drastically influence the outcome. Through critical reasoning and battle analysis, this paper will determine the level of effect of the capability. The analysis will also seek to understand the change in outcome as a result of this change to history. The product of this analysis will be a thorough understanding of the importance of intelligence capability to United States success during World War II.
The 9/11 attacks opened the avenue for a scrutiny of the performance and ability of the intelligence community to detect any threats to the safety of the United States. The media, politicians, reformists and other interested parties would not comprehend how such an attack would happen without the knowledge of the intelligence community. However, it is important to consider the fact that the attack was one of its kind and could not be approached with the resources and expertise used in other initiative such as the cold war. Therefore, the need to restructure the intelligence community arose from the view that it was still operating in the mindset and spirit of the cold war even in the modern era that had seen a revolutionary change of warfare
The event that brought forth the Idea to attack japan and destroy the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was Pearl Harbor. Japan had a history of executing surprise attacks before declaring war; one main example is when japan invaded Port Arthur in the Russo- Japanese war which would prove to be very successful . Many books were written prior to 1941 predicting an invasion of the Hawaiian Islands to gain access to the United States mainland including ‘The conflict of nations’, and ‘The valor of ignorance’ . The United States saw the military base on Hawaii as a point of power in the pacific and a last defense of their home land. Japan saw Hawaii as at point of expansion and an easy way for the United States to launch an attack on them. Attacking Pearl Harbor was not the original plan for japan. Japan wanted to bring the United States to them, but Japanese commander- in –Chief Isoroku Yamomoto pushed for an attack on the United States .pearl harbor was the home to the United States naval fleet and many fuel reserves. One of the main objects of japan was to destroy aircraft carriers and sink battle ships to put the United States fleet out of action and to discourage the people of the United States to not join the World War. The Japanese army spent over a year planning the attack and training pilots. The Japanese even created special torpedoes to operate in pear harbors shallow waters .
In order to fix our increasingly inefficient and divisive immigration system, we need a president who has this issue as a top priority. Hillary Clinton, a current United States presidential candidate, has immigration as one of her defining issues accompanied by a feasible and realistic policy. Former Secretary of State Clinton announced that if elected president, she will establish an Office of Immigrant Affairs, creating a place in the White House dedicated to integration services for immigrants and refugees. To facilitate the process for the 11 million illegal immigrants in our country to apply for citizenship, Clinton fully supports current president Obama’s executive orders on DACA and DAPA. DACA and DAPA give deferred action status to
As early as January 1941, reports suggested that Japan might attack Pearl Harbor; but civilian and military officials in Washington and Hawaii ignored these reports, considering an assault on the Philippines or European territories more likely, and underestimating Japan's ability to conceal preparations for such an operation. By the summer of 1941 American leaders knew, due to the success of the magic cryptanalysis operation in breaking Japanese military operational codes that Japan was likely to take military action of some kind (Irive). Japan had only about a 12-month supply of petroleum to fuel its economy and war machine, so the Americans anticipated the Japanese would act quickly. The only questions they could not answer were when and where (Woods). Pearl Harbor had been a major naval
In January 1941, reports were received that Japan might attack Pearl Harbor but military officials ignored these reports. They considered attacks on the Philippines and other European countries to be more likely, underestimating Japan’s ability to conceal preparations for such an operation. Due to the success of the cryptanalysis machine called, Magic, American leaders started breaking Japanese military operational codes. The codes that were deciphered showed Japan was likely to take some type of military action (Irive). At that time, Japan had only a 12-month supply of petroleum to fuel its economy and war operations left. So the U.S. anticipated Japan would act quickly! The only questions that could not be answered were when and where (Woods). Pearl Harbor had been a major naval base since before 1898. In early
Advertisements are means for corporations to present and persuade the public into buying their products. However, the notion that they are simply selling a product overlooks the deeper realities of advertising which, sells us ideas, constructs, and understandings of the world around us. Societal values and consensual truths underpin the advertisement industry. I argue that the Axe excite commercial creates a distorted reality, where identities are depicted through familiar but exaggerated representations. I will use the concepts of partipulation, virgin/whore dichotomy, and race to understand the deeper subtexts of mainstream media.
If you had that one piece of the puzzle that would have prevented the bombings of the twin towers in New York and the Pentagon on September 11 2001 would you know it? If you saw someone do something weird or suspicious before the attack on September 11 2001, would you have called the police? If someone had walked into a United States Embassy in a foreign country and said that they know someone was going to use a plane to destroy New York in two days, could this have stopped the attack? Intelligence Analysis puts the raw sources of information together, make predictions based on the data, and finally publish the results.
Next, other studies were conducted on farmers since they are most exposed to the pesticides. One study was conducted in eastern Nebraska, and the study determined the risk of glioma, a brain tumor, associated with farming and the use of agricultural pesticide (Lee et al). The study included random selections from the eastern Nebraska area, and study was completed by telephone communications of men and women in the Nebraska area who were diagnosed with gliomas (Lee et al). The participants were asked what type of pesticides they used on their