Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Research Paper

Bacterial Vaginosis, Candidiasis, Chancroid, Granuloma Inguinale, Lymplhogranloma Venereum, Mucopurulent Cervicitis, Molluscum Contagiosu, Nongonococcal Urethritis, and Trichomiasis are more STDs that not as common and not generally discussed. Chlamydia is a bacterial STD and can be contracted through vaginal and anal sex. 75% of women and 25% of men are asymptomatic. The symptoms may include abnormal genital discharge, and burning during urination. Chlamydia can be cured with antibiotics, but the antibiotics can not undo the damage done prior to treatment. If left untreated in women, up to 30% will experience pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which often causes ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain. In men, causes epidiymitis, an inflammation of the testicles, which causes sterility. Infected individuals are also at a greater risk of contracting HIV. Gonorrhea is a bacterial STD that can be contracted through vaginal, anal, and/or oral sex. Though some cases may be asymptomatic, when symptoms do appear, they are often mild and usually appear within 2-10 days after exposure. The symptoms include discharge from the penis, vagina, or rectum and burning or itching during urination. Gonorrhea can also be treated and cured with antibiotics but they cannot undo the damage done prior to treatment. IF left untreated, gonorrhea can cause PID, eptopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic

most common result of untreated gonorrhea is PID, a serious infection of the female reproductive

The Professional Guide to Diseases states that Pelvic Inflammatory Disease refers to a variety of infections of the female reproductive organs. It can affect the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and nearby tissues. PID is most commonly

Chlamydia is a very small microorganism that affects the lining of mucous membranes of the genitals, mouth, anus and rectum. Chlamydia is one of the most common known STD here in the United States, in fact almost 3 million people a year are affected, both men and women. Leaving Chlamydia untreated can cause long term affects and permanent damages. In women it can cause for her to be infertile, and it men can cause his sperm count to be lower and reduce the chances of reproducing. Each year around 100,000 women are infertile from pelvic inflammatory disease. You can attract Chlamydia by having sexual intercourse with someone that has it rather its vaginal, anal or oral sex. There is one way to reduce a sexual transmitted diseases such as Chlamydia, is to have absolutely no sexual intercourse at all.

This condition is caused by bacteria. It is passed from an infected partner during sexual activity. This contact could be with the genitals, mouth, or rectal area.

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterial infection that can be transmitted during sexual contact with an infected person through vaginal anal or oral sex (REF) Symptoms are usually mild and tend to go unnoticed and this is why it Is known as the silent disease (simms 2006) Chlamydia infection can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease; (PID) which is the most preventable cause of infertility (Paavonen and eggert-kruse 1999) and affects around 10-40% of women (Health protection Agency 2009) (HPA). During an episode of PID bacteria can move into the upper reproductive tract and cause the uterus, fallopian tubes and surrounding areas to become swollen and scarred (RISSER AND RISSER 2007). Repeated episodes of PID increase the risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy and can be more difficult for a woman to become pregnant because her eggs are unable to pass through easily. (SIMMS 2006) It is estimated that 1 in every 10 women with PID become infertile. Although blocked and damaged tubes can sometimes be treated, where this is not possible some woman may consider a procedure called in vitro fertilisation (IVF) to have children. This involves surgically removing eggs from a woman's ovaries and fertilising them before planting the eggs back into the woman's womb.(OAKESHOTT AND KERRY ET AL 2010).

Consequences if left untreated in women can develop pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can cause women to not be able to get pregnant

Gonorrhea and chlamydia are sexually transmitted diseases that tend to be more apparent in males than females. Men tend to develop symptoms within days of the initial infection; they usually manifest as inflammation of the urethra, painful urination, and abnormal discharge. Symptoms are so obvious that men seek immediate medical attention before complications occur; women on the other hand, tend to have little to no symptoms at all. A female’s symptoms are so mild that they are often mistaken as a simple bladder or vaginal infection and go untreated. Unfortunately, these diseases do not go away on their own if gonorrhea and chlamydia are not properly treated

Chlamydia poses a huge danger to females as well. The most severe complication of chlamydia is the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). As a result of infection to women it

In his article, “Female Sexual Pain Disorders”, Ros Boa states that genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder can have different causes. This disorder “has been described as possibly having biological, psychosexual, and functional causes not limited to: infections, inflammatory diseases, neurologic disorders, vulvodynia, or tissue abnormalities, pain related fear, irrational thoughts about pain, phobic avoidance, psychosomatic fear of sex and/or vaginal penetration”. (Boa, 2013) Other possible causes of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder is “fear of anticipated pain [from penetration], a history of religious or strict sexual upbringing, or a history of sexual molestation. (Pacik, 2011). Another possible cause of genito-pelvic pain can be attributed to pregnancy. According to research conducted by Maria Glowacka, et. al, “About half of women may develop genito-pelvic pain during pregnancy, which will persist for about a third of women after childbirth, and a few women may begin to develop pain after childbirth”. (Glowacka et.al, 2014) There is not currently one cause being considered more than the others, as many researchers believe that the cause of genito-pelvic/penetration disease may vary from woman to woman. (Boa, 2011)

Infertility and ovarian cancer are very serious problems that can be developed in women with endometriosis. Infertility is the main problem associated with endometriosis. It can be a major setback for seemingly healthy couples that want to start a family. “Endometriosis is associated with infertility in 30-40% of sufferers (World Endometriosis, 2011)” “The presence of endometriosis may involve masses of tissue or scarring (adhesions) within the pelvis that may distort normal anatomical structures, such as Fallopian tubes, which transport the eggs from the ovaries. Alternatively, endometriosis may affect fertility through the production of hormones and other substances that have a negative effect on ovulation, fertilization of the egg, and/or implantation of the embryo” (MedicineNet, 2013). Although

Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause scarring and damage to the reproductive organs that could result in infertility

Vaginitis is a common disease that affects women of various ages and shows the following signs:

Vaginal infection is a medical term used to describe various conditions that cause infection or inflammation of the lining mucosa of the vagina (Shuman, 2009; & Shaaban, 2010).Vaginal infection is common problem for women who seek medical care. They are responsible for more than 10 million of visits annually to gynecologist's office, Also it is the most common gynecological complaints that creates discharge, odour, dysuria, dyspareunia and irritation or itching (Pearlman & Tintinalli, 2009; & Stenchever, 2011).

Pelvic Inflammatory Infection commonly known as PID is an inflammation of the pelvic that happens when an individual has been exposed to a sexually transmitted infection for a long period of time without getting treated.