Periodic Trends of Chemical and Physical Properties in Group 1A and 7A
Hamish Thomson, Chemistry 11.2, Mr Ryan O’Sullivan
Intro:
In chemistry, there are two classes of observable properties matter can display; chemical and physical. These properties are classified by what needs to happen to the substance before the property becomes evident. Chemical properties require a chemical change while physical properties don’t need a chemical change to occur. Four properties of the alkali metals and halogens will be talked about through this essay, two chemical and two physical. The two chemical properties will be reactivity, how willing a substance is to undergo a chemical change and toxicity, the ability of a substance to cause damage to an
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In Fig 1 the reactivity of Non-Metals decreases every period and increases every group, the halogens lie on the end of the group of Non-metals causing them to be highly reactive. The alkali metals have a single electron in their outer electron shell, making it easy for them to become a noble gas and period down the periodic table the easier it is to get rid of the extra electron, causing the alkali metals to become more reactive the further down the periods. To become a noble gas a halogen must gain an electron, the farther away the outer shell is from the nucleus, the more energy that is required for an electron to enter the shell. Halogens need one more electron to become a noble gas, while alkali metals need to donate an electron to become a noble gas. (Johnsonburg High School, n.d.) Fig 1. This shows the trends of the reactivity of Metals and non-metals on the periodic table.
Paragraph 3. Toxicity
Toxicity is how dangerous a substance is to an organism, it is commonly measured by the amount required to kill 50% of the population of a given organism. The toxicity of the alkali metals increases each period, due to the increase in reactivity. The toxicity of the halogens decreases as you go down until astatine, which is harmful due to radioactivity (Helmenstine, 2017).
Paragraph 4. What is a physical property:
A physical property is a property of matter that can be observed without causing a
Noble Gases don’t react with other elements in a natural occurrence. The elements on this periodic group have, as mentioned before, full outer shells so they are “happy” and don’t need to react with other elements. Noble gases are unique this way because they are the only elements in the whole table that don’t react in nature. Due to this it sets them apart from the others in a substantial way that other periodical groups can’t
The purpose of this lab is to study some of the physical properties of two types of solids – ionic and molecular. The samples used are sodium chloride (ionic) and camphor (molecular). The physical properties studied are odour, hardness, melting point, solubility in water and solubility in 2-propanol. It is observed that some of the physical properties of sodium chloride are no odours, hard, a high melting point, soluble in water and insoluble in 2-propanol; some of the physical properties of camphor are a strong odour, soft, a low melting point, insoluble in water and soluble in 2-propanol. A few conclusions can be drawn from these
Physical states are investigated by the sciences and mostly are measurable. Physical properties include but are not limited to color, shape, weight, smell, and opacity. In the eyes of a dualist these states are completely different but a physicalist would argue that they are equivalent.
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Toxicology is defined as that branch of science dealing with poisons. According to Hodgson (2010), a “poison can be defined as any substance that causes a harmful effect when administered, either by accident or by design, to a living organism” (p. 3). Toxicology also includes the study
Filled with shiny, colorful pictures of elements in their many applications, the book was my first in-depth introduction to chemistry. Two pages were dedicated to each element and explained the most common uses. I started to spend time pondering what was in some of the objects around me. I viewed objects more in their elemental sense rather than “plate material” or “cardboard material”. Since then, I’ve only tried to expand my knowledge of the chemical makeup of my world.
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Shelby Woitaszewski Colin McLear 12/1/14 Philosophy 101 A threat to physicalism: The Knowledge Argument A common debatable topic in philosophy has always been; “Does physicalism exist?”. Physicalism is the idea that everything that is, or could exist is ultimately physical in nature.
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Never found while complimentary component within mature- repeatedly joined with another section. 1 outer electron stability of clay, simply shaped with a knife. Conduct electricity. The most reactive metals. They proceed dangerously with water. While you progress throughout the group huge atoms (since there’s only full shell. Outside for each row2 this is more react line although the outer electron is further simply lost while it’s further away from the cell. Higher thickness since the atoms possess of
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