Photosynthesis Research Paper

One of the two pyruvate molecules that was generated from glycolysis enters the mitochondrial matrix where it is converted to acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA initiates a cyclical series of reactions, creating the first compound in the Krebs cycle by transforming the last product formed in the Krebs cycle into Citrate. During the Krebs cycle, 1 ATP molecule is created and 3 molecules of carbon dioxide are released. Since only 1 of the 2 pyruvates is needed, the Krebs cycle repeats and six carbon dioxide molecules are released and the Krebs cycle forms two more ATP. Krebs cycle produces several molecules of NADH and FADH2, which will be used in creating more ATP in the third step of aerobic cellular respiration.

The light dependent reactions in a cell uses the suns energy to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) for the Calvin cycle. The process starts when light strikes an electron in the absorption pigments in the leaves of the plant. The electron jumps away onto the electron transport chain, and the absorption pigment is left with a positive charge. This pulls electrons off of the hydrogen atoms in water in the nearby lumen. This causes an imbalance in the concentration of positive ions between the lumen and the stroma, causing the protons to leave the lumen and move into the stroma.

Prepare 300 ml of bicarbonate solution. (1/8 tsp of baking soda mixed with 300 ml of water)

2b. 650 nm , the first group, will have an intermediate rate of photosynthesis out of all the groups. This is because a 650 nm wavelength is relative to a red color light which is absorbed by the organisms containing the pigment from graph 2/ chlorophyll a, but only produces an intermediate amount of energy for photosynthesis. 550 nm, the second group, will have the lowest rate of photosynthesis out of all of the groups. This is because a 550 nm wavelength is relative to a green color light. Green colored light is either transmitted or reflected by the pigment from graph 2/ chlorophyll a. There is the least amount of energy for photosynthesis at this wavelength. 430 nm, the third

Based upon the results in experiment 5 the hypothesis for this experiment was not supported because each pigment received a different solubility. To test if solubility was present the pigments would change different colors. In the experiment, the the carotene resulted if having the largest section of pigment a the height of 0.643mm. This explains that each chlorophyll pigment will result in having a different solubility rate. For instance, chlorophyll a and b both received different colors making the hypothesis not true. Chlorophyll a adsorbed green and blue while chlorophyll b absorbed yellow and green. Only sharing a similar color green which is the color of normal chloroplast. The experiment above applies to biology because of the the pigmentation colors absorbed by the sunlight. Biologist can use this data to interpret different solubility rates, which can further into what other types of light conditions will cause the chloroplast pigmentation to be soluble within color change (Gunstream,

In the Calvin cycle, carbon atoms from CO2 are fixed and used to build three-carbon sugars. This process is ran by, and dependent on, ATP and NADPH from the light reactions. Unlike the light reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, the reactions of the Calvin cycle take place in the stroma. Rubisco is an enzyme that fixes CO2 by combining it with RuBP, which is a five-carbon sugar. The resulting 6-carbon molecule splits into two 3-carbon molecules, which are further rearranged to form PGAL. ATP provides the energy for these reactions, and NADPH provides the electrons.

Photosynthesis is the process through which plant cells convert energy from the sun into chemical vitality. The chemical process of photosynthesis involves carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight which are then turned to glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration consists of the separation of food molecules that results in energy which is then reserved as adenosine triphosphate molecules.

My hypothesis was correct. To measure the amount of carbon dioxide or CO2 in an exhaled breath, you need to use BTB solution and sodium hydroxide. In our procedure, the BTB reacted to the carbon dioxide and the sodium hydroxide reverses the reaction which allowed us to measure how much carbon dioxide is in our exhaled breath. As seen in the data, it took 5 drops of sodium hydroxide to get the BTB solution that had carbon dioxide blew into it to be the same color of the controlled BTB solution.

Most enzymes in the important process of photosynthesis are usually embedded in the stroma in thylakoid membranes. The stroma is filled with fluid surrounding the grana and also has a part in the syntheses of organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide. After that production of the starch or sugar moves out into the stroma. That is where the enzymes take carbon from carbon dioxide then mixes it with oxygen and hydrogen to make a carbohydrate molecule. The function is generally known as the Light-independent reactions or the dark reactions.

Photosynthesis is a vital process that autotrophs use to transfer light energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis ultimately produces O2 and glucose. It, like many other biological processes, can be affected by environmental variables. The variable that we altered in the following experiment are intensity, light wavelengths, and pigment types. In order to do this, we conducted three experiments. In the first experiment, we examined the effect of light intensity by placing vials with chloroplasts with DPIP at different light distances in which the results varied. Initially, 30cm away was the most effective for photosynthesis. Then 24cm appeared to be the most effective. Followed by 49cm at minutes 25 and 30. In the second experiment, we

This lab was called photosynthesis: understanding photosynthesis. It is a highly complex process that needs to be broken down in many steps to understand how it works. This lab covers the big components in photosynthesis including carbon dioxide intake, light consumption, and varying pigmentation.

     Photosynthesis has a two-stage performance before plants produce the two products they are known to produce. These stages are Photosystem I and II. Photosystem II is dependant on light reactions for energy which causes the electrons to be react and be transferred to Photosystem II. The electrons are transported through the Photosystem II electron transport system, however some energy is used to drive ATP synthesis. Meanwhile, light is being absorbed by the Photosystem I, which causes the electrons to react. This process sends the electrons to the Photosystem I transport system where some energy is released as electrons travel through the electron transport system and is captured as NADPH. When this process is completed oxygen is released from the plant and glucose has been

     To metabolic pathways involved in photosynthesis are light reaction and dark reaction. The first stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy. Light absorbed by chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments is used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to and acceptor called NADP , reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and a single proton. The water or some other donor molecule is split in the process. The light reaction also generates ADP, a process called photophosphorylation. ATP is a versatile source of chemical energy used in most biological processes. The light reaction produces no carbohydrates such as sugars.

In the chloroplast located in plant cells can be found located inside the mesophyll, which is the interior tissue located in leaves. Carbon dioxide travels into the leaves, and oxygen goes out of it through little pores referred to as stomata. Chikirplast have an envelope of two membranes surrounding a dense fluid called stroma, that has their membrane system. Their membrane system is composed of scs known as thylakoids, that separate the stroma from the thylakoid space in these sacs. The green pigment that gives leaves their color is chlorophyll.

This study aimed to isolate prospective beneficial endophytic fungi from its host extreme hot desert plant and investigate their potential roles in heat stress tolerance under field conditions.