Population Genetics Of Single Loci Essay

According to Darwin and his theory on evolution, organisms are presented with nature’s challenge of environmental change. Those that possess the characteristics of adapting to such challenges are successful in leaving their genes behind and ensuring that their lineage will continue. It is natural selection, where nature can perform tiny to mass sporadic experiments on its organisms, and the results can be interesting from extinction to significant changes within a species.

Loss of genetic diversity in natural populations has often been attributed to a severe reduction in population size. Testing of nine loci in three heavily fished areas concluded that all loci that were strongly polymorphic in the 1982 study showed a reduction in heterozygosity with the exception of one

This data can be further used by analyzing and providing additional information about the influences of certain characteristics on population genetics.

The article “Some of My Best Friends are Germs,” by Michael Pollen was a very interesting and informative read. Pollen explains that our bodies house 100s of trillions of microbes. More than 99 percent of our genetic information is microbial. The large number of bacteria that inhabits us weighs many pounds, forming a massive, unexplored world that scientists are just starting to document. These bacteria affect our health as much as if not more than the genes we receive from our parents.

A population’s genetic makeup can change through mutations, change in location, an increase in population, and an increase in mating between organisms. Breeding within species ensure the future offsprings of a particular species and creates a variations in alleles than before. The environment is related to the organism existence in a community an example is a white butterfly in a snowy region. Predictors are less likely to see the

Arnold, P. (2009, December 4). Endangered Species Tasmanian Devil: Low Genetic Diversity as a Factor of the Tasmanian Devil as an Endangered Species. Retrieved March 8, 2015, from http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/13897.aspx

There is a large number of species of microbes found on the human body. This bacterial organism are found in the skin, mouth, or nose. This lab consisted of the collection of skin bacterial organisms and amplification of the 16s rRNA to construct a small molecular phylogeny of the human body microbiome, or the community of microorganisms that reside in the epithelia of humans. This information could only be acquired through processes such as DNA extraction, amplification of specific genetic target by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), agarose gel electrophoresis, restriction enzyme digestion, cloning of DNA fragments into plasmid vector, transformation and blue/white clone colony screening. Through the phylogenetic tree analysis

Gain of function (ectopic expression in the developing haltere epithelium) of each of these genes changes the haltere of the fly into a second set of wings: double-wings phenotype (GOF).

The struggle of finding accurate technology to be able to compare human microbial communities globally include the degree of relatedness so whether that persons are related, the place in the family structure, the age, demographics, there are many ethical, legal, and logistical barriers, types of comparisons,

The general approach of this study will follow similar methodology to the approach used in Ward 2006. The Genetic diversity within the populations will be examined based on samples locus genotypes and the genome diversity can be examined for fits to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The genetic differentiation between the samples will be quantified using the FST

Natural selection is considered one of the most important processes for a variety of species and the environment which allows the fittest organisms to produce offspring. To prevent a species from extinction, it is necessary for them to adapt to the surrounding environment. The species which have the ability to adapt to new surroundings will be able to pass their genes through reproduction. Within the process of natural selection, it is possible for the original genetic make-up of a species to become altered. The team will report on the different processes of basic mechanisms of evolution, how natural selection results in biodiversity and why biodiversity is important to continued evolution. The sources of genetic

The purpose of this experiment was to determine how changing environmental factors would affect the allele frequencies in a population of white, brown, and black moths. More specifically, the aim was to see if final allele frequencies would coincide with the Hardy-Weinberg theory of evolution, or if genetic drift, amplified by environmental disasters, would play a significant role in the outcome of the experiment.

The purpose of the Population Genetics Lab was to use the Hardy Weinberg theory of genetic equilibrium and examine the relationship between evolution and allele frequencies. Additionally this lab allowed us to examine how microevolution factors such as natural selection, heterozygote advantage, and genetic drift affected the genotype and allele frequencies. Finally the population genetics lab permitted us to become masters of finding allele frequencies and establishing a better knowledge on evolution in populations and how we can calculate if that occurred using the Hardy-Weinberg equations. This experiment is relevant because

DNA barcoding uses standard genetic markers to compare DNA sequences among existing species by scanning for polymorphisms in standard sequences to differentiate between species (Hartvig, 2015). It is effective in differentiating between phenotypically similar species and is applicable to all organisms of life (Dudu, 2016). For DNA barcoding, the DNA is isolated from a sample and standard genetic markers are amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A polymorphism is differences in DNA sequence that accumulate over time (Albert, 2011). The main source of mutations occurs during DNA replication and, thus mutations can be inherited. When the frequency of the mutation increases, it can become fixed in a lineage (Albert, 2011). Polymorphisms can indicate common ancestry among individuals by comparing standardized sequences across a species (Stoneking, 2001). Specifically, one region in the

Moreover, the migration of individuals from one genetically distinct population to another is also an important way for alleles to be added to or subtracted from a local population. Whenever an organism leaves one population and enters another, it subtracts its genetic information from the population it left and adds it to the population it joins. If it contains rare alleles, it may significantly affect the allele frequency of both populations. The extent of migration need not be great. However, as long as alleles are entering