Prefrontal Cortex Summary

Creating the world's first Z-Bomb, would have to be the most dangerous thing that could happen to humans. Turning them into Zombies, it would entirely change the characteristics of a human being and its brain. Although both living, Zombies have drastic defects towards certain aspects of the body. This Z-bomb won’t necessarily turn humans into zombies, but rather give humans zombie-ish characteristics.

Imagine a football player is tackled and hits the back of his head. As a result, his brain has hit the back of the cranium, then the front.

When it comes to the topic of having a growth mindset, most of us will readily agree that students who are praised are motivated to learn. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of how they are praised. Whereas some are convinced that praising students for their intelligence will motivate them to learn, others maintain that encouraging them for their efforts has a better impact on their motivation.

Many studies have concluded that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (or vmPFC) appears to provide the inhibition of emotional responses (Carlson, 2013). This region of the brain provides the mind with the faculties of self-restraint or self-control.

On October 9th 2013, a study published in the Journal of Neuroscience by the ‘Max Planck Institute for Human and Cognitive Brain Sciences’ revealed neurobiological roots of how our own sentiments can distort empathic capacity.4 An incredible part of the brain, the right supramarginal gyrus, has been attributed with the ability to recognise a lack of empathy and autocorrect. Studies have revealed our brain’s neural circuitry is malleable and potentially rewired through neuroplasticity. Hence our personal tendency for empathy and compassion can be labeled ‘innate’, but never fixed. In recent years, these same researchers have found compassion may be trained through short, daily exposure: meditation, volunteerism, mindfulness training and physical activity that puts the human body through challenging experiences, are among these findings.

It is believed that a mutation in the prefrontal cortex predisposes some people to violence. The frontal lobe is what we use to make decisions and, when fully developed, allows us to think carefully about our actions before we take them. An alteration in the prefrontal cortex may make us susceptible to impulsive and rash behaviors. For example, teens tend to be more reckless than adults. The teen frontal lobe is not fully formed, which is the reason for this outcome. Teens also tend to rely on their amygdalas to make decision. The amygdala is the center for powerful emotions, such as anger, jealousy, and guilt. For example, psychopaths have been found to be void of guilt and regret as a result of “the amygdala [being] less activated when they

Throughout history, a human being was always reliant on the primary sensory areas. An ability to communicate and contract languages is considered to be a unique ability of human nation as no other species show an equal amount of complexity in terms of the structure and sound combination. On the other hand, primary visual cortex provides a skill set in order to identify the objects presented in the world, the distance towards them as well as to design a set of actions in order to incorporate some items such as a stone or a pen. The understanding of these systems is crucial, especially for those who suffer from strokes and tumors and as a result lost the ability to visually recognize objects or hear other people. This work will focus of the structure

Maren S. Seeking a spotless mind: extinction, deconsolidation, and erasure of fear memory. Neuron. 2011;70(5):830-845.

The brain's white matter, prefrontal cortext responds to judgment and impulse control is different in adolescent than adult. During adolescent, teenagers can easily be more frustrated and upset for no reason, while the adult are calmer with the emotion. This also true because when I was in my teenage years, if things wasn't going according to what I want, I would be upset with everything around me.

The Role of the Frontal Lobes Table of Contents 1 Introduction_ 3 2 The Structure and Functional Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes 3 2.1 Figure 1. A diagrammatic representation of the brain_ 5 3 Luria’s Model of Brain Function_ 5 4 The Complex Function of Frontal Lobes 6 5 No Longer En-Gage-ing; What Happens When The Frontal Lobes Go Wrong?

In order to understand why people act in antisocial ways, one needs to pinpoint which area of the brain controls social behavior. The prefrontal cortex has been thought to have something to do with control of social behavior ever since Phineas Gage's famous accident in 1848 (1). Phineas Gage was a

Chapter 2 is centered on the early attempts to identify the brain’s components of emotions. Key researchers that are discussed are a Cornell neuroanatomist, James Papez, and aforementioned physician and neuroscientist Paul MacLean, who worked at Yale and the National Institutes of Mental Health. Together, this pair of researchers conducted seminal medial temporal lobe lesion experiments. The resulting idea was that the emotional brain is composed of a set of interconnected structures in the core of the brain. MacLean dubbed these structures as the “limbic system”. The function of the limbic system and it relationship to emotion was widely debated by many researchers.

Empathy and caring is an essential part of human health. We love because we can empathize (Szalavitz & Perry, 2010). Empathy underlies everything that makes society work; such as altruism, collaboration, love and charity. Failures to empathize are a key part of social problems, such as crime, violence, war, racism, child abuse and inequity. Although we are genetically predisposed to care for others, the development of empathy requires a lifelong process of relational interaction (Szalavitz & Perry, 2010). More importantly, the first relationship humans experience, the

You live and you learn, from the moment that we breathe our first breath, we are assimilating and are acquiring information. Life changing and profound learning experiences happen before we can even speak, as children our learning process is grandiose. Harvard University published a series of summaries on Child development. One of these articles mentions that “The basic architecture of the brain is constructed through an ongoing process that begins before birth and continues into adulthood.” ("InBrief: The Science of Early Childhood Development," n.d.).

For a number of years empathy was difficult to measure, as there was limited basis of empirical data. This changed with the progression of technology, as the biological approach could then using brain imaging techniques to visually represent the activity going on in the brain and biological psychologists could then research links between the activity and behavioural traits like empathy. One way in which biological psychology has helped us understand empathy as a complex trait is through exploration of mirror neurons.