Janie Carter
Chapter 3
Prenatal Development
• Prenatal Development
Prenatal Development is the development of an organism before (pre) its birth (natal).
• Conception
The female reproductive system contains two ovaries. The ovaries nourish the eggs as they mature and are ready for fertilization. An egg will come to maturity approximately every 28 days. When the ovum has matured, the ovary releases it in a process called ovulation. After ovulation the ovum moves into the fallopian tube adjacent to the ovary.
• Stages of Prenatal Development
Three stages: the germinal stage, the embryonic stage, and the fetal stage.
• The Germinal Stage: Conception to 2 Weeks.
The germinal stage (0 to 14 days) is the first stage of prenatal development.
…show more content…
Potential effects for babies born with syphilis are deafness, malformations of teeth and bones, facial deformities, excess fluid in the brain, and mental retardation.
• HIV/AIDS.
Effects not clear but include infant HIV infection, growth retardation, microcephaly, and head and facial deformities.
• Maternal Age
Factors that tend to relate with teenage pregnancy are low income, poor education, social isolation, drug and alcohol use, and lack of early prenatal care.
As women move to there 30s and late 40s, the risks are prematurity, fetal death, Down syndrome, and complications during birth.
• Critical Periods
The risk for birth defects is small during the first 2 weeks after conception but rises severely and peaks shortly after week 3. But week 8, the risk has declined again, and it will continue to fall until the baby is born.
• The Role of Fathers
Fathers who used alcohol before or after the conception are linked with children’s later learning and memory problems, hyperactivity, and difficulties dealing with stress.
Cocaine accumulates in the testes and can damage sperm cells.
Also the man’s actions/habits/attitudes can affect encourage/contribute to women’s use to of alcohol, drugs, or
it might effect the child so their mood so they feel down and not supported enough or might have a negative view of the world or everything
Healthy people may experience no ill-effects from this infection, but the risks are substantial for pregnant women as the greatest danger is to the unborn baby, with increased risks of miscarriage, stillbirth or premature labour.
Biological development of a fetus is vary rapid and complex over the nine-month period in the womb. When both the male spermatozoon and the female ovum combine it forms what is called a zygote which holds the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes. The zygote or the embryo undergoes cell division and makes its way to the uterine wall to implant itself, this process is completed about ten days after conception. By the end of the eighth week the organ systems have formed and human characteristics can start to be noticed. From the eighth week until birth the embryo is now labeled a fetus. Quickening can occur from the sixteenth week until birth, this is where the mother can feel the fetus moving. Around the twenty-second week viability can take place, this is where the fetus can survive outside the womb. The nine-month period of being pregnant is split into different trimesters. With the different trimesters there are different abortion procedures can be used to remove the fetus.
Physical effects: tumors/lesions/sudden deaths/weight of various organs/malformations/etc. in animals and offspring. These studies’ primary goal is to rule out major effects: birth defects, cancer, etc.
One of the many long term effects are Short term memory loss. It’s the little things like what a child did yesterday that they can’t remember. Some of the other term effects are lower educational levels, emotional distress, poor physical functioning, and being awkward around people.
happened, parts of their brain, it changes their DNA, and long term effects. The long term
Impairment of the central nervous system results in an array of behavioral problems including hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD) and impaired language, as well as difficulties learning and understanding social skills (Thomas, 2008). In addition, prenatal exposure to alcohol disrupts the development of major regions in the central nervous system such as the hippocampus, which contributes to memory (Thomas, 2008). The exposure to alcohol during development in the womb, consequently damaging the central nervous system and the hippocampus, makes the child’s learning experience more difficult due to the fact that their learning and their ability to memorize has been impaired.
One day while walking through Frankenmuth, my mother had a gut feeling that she was expecting. When my parents returned home from the day’s festivities my mom snuck away to take a pregnancy test, which confirmed she was in fact pregnant. According to my dad, he was surprised and very excited to be expecting. My parents had long been trying to start their family but had suffered a miscarriage 8 weeks into their first pregnancy. Due to the prior miscarriage, my parents decided to use caution and wait until they made it through the first trimester to share the news with friends and family. My mother went on to explain that pregnancy changed everything for her from her diet to her daily activities. Both of my parents
eggs will essentially mature. Contrary to women, a man begins producing sperm at puberty, which gradually decreases along with age. During the actual conception, over 200 million sperms head towards the egg and try to break through. One is successful, the rest aren’t.
Zika can hurt adults in different ways, Zika can destroy brain cells and a lot of cells at once. Which means it can prevent parts of the brain that are not fully developed yet. Zika can make people have deformed skulls,
Centricity Prenatal is a revolutionary electronic medical record system that helps not only deliver one of the best fetal surveillance systems available to physicians but also helps provide the best care possible to a mother and her infant. GE Healthcare an industry that provides amazing HMIS technology that not is not only revolutionizing healthcare technology but also saving lives engineered centricity Prenatal. After more than twenty-two years of industry experience with parental and electronic medical rerecords GE developed this remarkable system. Centricity Prenatal has been delivered to almost forty four million babies according to their live tracker on their website and has been successfully integrated into 1500 projects.
It affects many body activities and makes the body lose his ability: memory, communication/language, focus, reasoning, and visual perception that mean how brain interprets visual information.
Seizures, jaundice, elevated iron, enlarged liver, elevated copper, inability to move, poor sucking ability, vision disturbances, lack of muscle tone, difficulty swallowing, intellectual disability, prenatal growth failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and characteristic facial characteristics.
Most people wonder, What is ovulation? Well, ovulation is when a mature egg is released from the ovary, push down the fallopian tube, and is available to be fertilized. Every month an egg from one of your ovaries will mature. As the egg reaches maturity, the egg is released by the ovary where it penetrate the fallopian tube to make its way towards waiting sperm and the uterus. The lining of a women uterus has thickened itself to prepare for the fertilized egg. If there is no conception, the uterine lining, as well as blood, will begin to shed. When shedding of an unfertilized egg and uterine wall its the time of menstruation. Only one egg is released each time of ovulation. An egg lives 12-24 hours, after withdrawing the ovary. During ovulation some women may
First, HIV in pregnancy causes infant mortality in Sub Saharan Africa. During pregnancy, a mother can pass on to his son or daughter this infectious disease which obviously has a negative impact on his/ her first