Present Illness Case Studies

Gold standard procedures should be implemented with the aim of providing timely and accurate results. (Schentag) The culture result should be accompanied by its clinical significance, selective reporting of susceptibility testing results in accordance with hospital antimicrobial therapy guidelines and suggested management. (Schentag) This encourages appropriate prescribing and minimises unnecessary use of antimicrobials. The clinical microbiology team should also provide reports to AMS regarding resistant organisms.

It is important to begin treatment right away. Treatment will usually involve the use of antibiotic medicines. In some cases, your health care provider may begin treatments before the diagnosis is confirmed. If your symptoms are severe, a hospital stay may be needed.

Initial diagnosis of Streptococcal pharyngitis is determined by a point system awarding 1 point for each of the following; temperature greater than 38 C, absence of cough, tender anterior cervical lymph nodes, tonsillar swelling, age younger than 15, subtracting a point for age older than 45. If these symptoms are met, a rapid strep test will be performed before antibiotics are given, a precaution taken to prevent super-bugs from developing.

Acute tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils secondary to an infectious process causing painful swallowing and is more commonly attributed to a viral cause rather than bacterial (Shepherd, 2013). A physical assessment of the tonsils may reveal an increase in size with edema and erythema. This is often associated with upper respiratory symptoms like, headache and cough (Shepherd, 2013). Another diagnosis is pharyngitis. Pharyngitis is also a sore throat which is secondary to inflammation noted at the back of the throat and associated with complaints of pain when swallowing (Shepherd, 2013). Viral pharyngitis is the most common and can be contributed to the rhino or coronavirus which lasts between 5-7 days and presents with associated symptoms like cough, headache, fatigue and mild fever (Ruppert & Fay, 2015). Finally, GABHS or more commonly noted as strep throat is a potential diagnosis. This bacterial infection is most common in children and adolescents. Often individuals present with symptoms including throat pain, fever, chills, headache, cervical lymphadenopathy and exudate noted to tonsils or in the pharyngeal (Ruppert & Fay, 2015). This infectious process in younger children may also present with gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain but is not accompanied by cough or nasal

Even though a person of any age can be diagnosed with acute pharyngitis, either viral or bacterial, 30% are childhood aged. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucially important. Many times childhood aged patients will go undiagnosed because medical providers will underline the reason on performing a rapid or culture test. The proper treatment is of high importance allowing for the patient to get better soon and return to normal activities as well as eliminating the spread of germs from on to another. It is highly encouraged to seek medical attention if and when someone is not sure if that person could have a virus or bacterial

Patient T is a newborn weighing 10 pounds, and 4 ounces, and looks like a healthy, strong, and big new baby boy; during his childhood, he maintains normal weight, and lives an active life with a great appetite for food that includes: apples, pears, bananas, ham sandwiches, chips, and pizza. When entering kindergarten, he’s considered as hefty, which leads to him being shy, and antisocial. When he gets home, all he does is: watch TV, play video games, and snack on foods, and drinks consisting of: chips, and 8 cans of soda a day. When he enters high school, he starts playing football with performance’s worthy of entering a Division 1 college. As a result of

Tonsillitis can be described as the inflammation of the non-encapsulated lymphoid structures, lingual and palatine tonsils. These lymphoid tissues are part of the immune system and are the first line of defence against pathogens in the oral cavity. The palatine and lingual tonsils are located underneath the stratified squamous epithelial mucosa of the tongue and oropharynx. The tonsils’ response to bacterial or viral infections of the epithelial mucosa, e.g. streptococci and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is inflammation and enlargement of the tonsils and antibody responses, largely IgA. Symptoms of tonsillitis include Sore throat and fever.

No known allergies, no sinus, tenderness, no epistaxis, no bleeding gums, patient has partial dentures, one dental carrier noted, tongue is slightly coated, no swelling, lumps or tenderness noted in throat,

When infected, the treatments must start as soon as possible. When going to go treatment, a doctor must and will make the decision to treat the infection based on the symptoms. Safe and effective prescription drugs can treat the infection and the symptoms.

The patient was referred to the Radiologist from his GP, because of ongoing pain and difficulty when swallowing. The patient was 45years old male, consumed alcohol regularly and a heavy smoker.

This is a 36 year old wihte femle who is here complaining of cough, sinus congestion, fever, and gneralized body ache for 4 days. Patient is a resident at Lovelady and reports many ladys are sick at the center. Patient is a smoker with a history of one pack for 20 year hisory. Patient denies use of alcohol or illicit drug use.Patient denies chest pain, N/V/D, but rports SOB and

pyogenes is GAS (Group A streptococcal) pharyngitis. Individuals of any age can be diagnosed with pharyngitis, however it is the leading bacterial infection within children above the age of 3. Transmission of pharyngitis between individuals is usually by direct contact or droplets. The most common route for this organism to be passed on from one individual to another is through droplet transmission. Aside from these two transmission methods, food borne outbreaks have also been seen in the past. The incubation period is generally around 1-4 days. Common symptoms of pharyngitis that are seen following the incubation period within individuals are sore throats, fever and chills. These symptoms can be seen within exudative forms of pharyngitis as well. Another common symptom is malaise. This is where the individual will feel general discomfort or illness. Symptoms that are particularly seen in children are complaints of abdominal pain and vomiting. Depending on the individual, symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe sore throats with associated swelling of the pharyngeal mucosa. In addition to these, erythema (redness of skin) is also commonly seen and as well as exudate covering the pharyngeal walls. Exudate coverings are seen alongside sensitive cervical lymph nodes. The symptoms experienced as a result of streptococcal pharyngitis are different from those experienced by individuals with viral

patient was not having any pain or significant discomfort in the area. The throat was

Social History: The patient widowed and lives in a house with her two daughters. Currently employed as a supervisor at Walmart and has health insurance through her work. Works full time and enjoy her work. She enjoys spending time with her family. She is sexually active. She is currently in an intimate relationship for the past one year after the death of her husband and used condoms occasionally when having sex. Highest level of education is bachelor’s degree

* Prior to performing A.’s physical assessment, I gathered information over her diagnosis tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and vitiligo and any passed medical problems to be aware of. I then introduced myself to A. and her family and asked her if she wanted her grandparents to stay in the room during her physical assessment. I then explained the process of starting at her head and working downward to her feet by providing privacy throughout the whole assessment. First I started, by observing her appearance and behavior and how well A. communicated with me, A.’s behavior was calm, cooperative and appropriate for her age. I assessed PERRLA in both eyes, her pupils were a 3, equal, round, reactive to light and accommodated. I assessed her mucus membranes which were pink and moist along with assessing her throat by looking at the back of throat and checking for bleeding , whitish area, and odor. I then asked her if she had any frequent swallowing and trickling of blood in her throat. A. stated she did not have any frequent swallowing or blood in her throat just some soreness and discomfort in her throat. A.’s throat had white areas on both sides where the tonsils were removed with no bleeding. I auscultated her heart and lungs, and heard S1S2 and her