Pretreatment Differentiation of Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes by CT

In our study: statistically, the extent of agreement between dynamic contrast MRI and histopathological staging was almost perfect (κ =0.880) and highly significant (P = 0.001), which is higher compared to the study done by Gupta N. and his colleagues on 60 patients, that resulted in good agreement equals (κ =0.690) and

The tumor board conference I attended was held on Tuesday March 27, 2018 at 7:00 AM, at Northwest Community Hospital. The pathology for the patient I chose was an atypical carcinoid in her lungs.

Renal cancer is the cancer of Kidney tissue cells, affecting the organs that help to filter and clean blood, and produce urine, and filter approximately two hundred quarts a day. The kidney organs also help to regulate blood pressure by producing hormones essential to its maintenance (WebMD.Com). Unlike other forms of cancer, renal cancer originates in the kidney cells and does not usually garner the same amount of national attention as breast, brain, and lung cancer, which are often given greater publicity (Kidney Cancer Association RSS). There are multiple types of renal cancer cells, such as the clear cancer cell, which makes up about seventy percent of all renal cancers. Other cell types includes the papillary kidney cancer cells, and

MSKCC radiologist use state of the art imaging technology to detect cancer while the pathologists have unsurpassed experience in using advances methods to accurately diagnose cancer. This type of Innovative technology allows precise diagnosis and staging of the disease. Furthermore, it is easier to determine whether a specific form of treatments is working or not. In this case, physicians can therefore shift the treatment or consider alternative methods of treatment.

Urine cytology: Examining a urine sample under a microscope may reveal cancer cells that could come from the bladder, ureters or kidneys ("Leukemia Home Page - National Cancer Institute").

being done on 22 patients [2]. The results provided additional useful information for 38 patients and changed the path of treatment in 15 patients. This study helped provide information if tumors were malignant or benign [2]. In the end, this was a successful study and proved that the agents could help the patients to get the right diagnosis and healthcare providers to learn things they wouldn't have if the agents were not used [2]. A study was also done to help find the difference between hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [3]. The results showed that the agent did not show indefinitely the differences between the two carcinomas [3]. In the end, there is still a lot of controversies over the use of contrast agents with ultrasound. In some ways it does help, but on the other end it does not give definite results and help diagnosis and differentiate different pathologies.

PET may provide complementary information to conventional staging as it is highly sensitive in detecting nodal and extra-nodal involvement by most histological subtypes of lymphoma prior to and following treatment. In lymphoma staging, PET/CT tends to upstage rather than downstage tumors (Okada et al., 2010).

The most common type of bladder cancer is called Urothelial Carcinoma also known as Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC). This cancer starts in the deepest layer that surrounds the bladder. Bladder cancers are described on how far they have interfered into the wall of the bladder: Non-invasive and Invasive. “Non-invasive cancers are still in the inner layer of cells (the transitional epithelium) but have not grown into the deeper layers. Invasive cancers have grown into deeper layers of the bladder wall. These cancers are more likely to spread and are harder to treat (2016 American Cancer Society, Inc).”Another common type of bladder cancer is called Squamous cell carcinoma. The cells are flat cells that are found on the surface of the skin. Almost all squamous cell carcinomas are

Diagnostic imaging techniques can be used to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs, to determine whether the shape or size of the kidney is abnormal. Ultrasounds can be used to view internal organs as they function, and to assess blood flow through various vessels. Biopsies can also be performed for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present or suspected all as part of the diagnosis process.

detailed image of the kidneys and other organs, a kidney biopsy where a small piece of

RCC contributes for 2-3% of all cancers, producing an age-standardized incidence rate of 6.2 cases/100,000 Australians in 1982, which has increased to 12 cases/100,000 Australians in 2013, highlighted in fig. 1 (Cancer Australia, 2017). In addition, over the past two decades, the global incidence of RCC has increased by over 2% per year, with cancer-specific mortality rates of 30–40%, compared to 20% mortality rates for bladder and prostate cancers. Not only among the Australian population, but the substantial global increase in incidence rates of RCC can be attributed to increased detection following cross-sectional imaging, abdominal ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) or MRI during other medical conditions. This is subsequently led to an increased appearance of small renal masses (SRMs), defined as contrast-enhancing masses with a dimension of ≤ 4cm (Ljungberg, 2015). Whilst

Liver cancer usually does not have any symptoms in its early stages and can be difficult to detect. Nevertheless, liver cancer can be detected by imaging tests. Some of the tests used to diagnose liver cancer are Ultrasound, Computed tomography (CT scan), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan), Biopsy and Laparoscopy. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves to generate a picture of the body and is used to show any abnormal growths in the liver. The CT scan is an x-ray test that produces detailed images of the body. This test can be very useful in precisely identifying liver tumors. The MRI also creates detailed images, but uses radio waves and

A 52-year-old male with metastatic renal cell carcinoma presents for assessment of chronic pain. His pain has been treated with a combination of oxycodone plus acetaminophen taken orally. Despite increasing doses of the analgesic combination, the pain is getting worse.

conducted by Inci et al. [26] has showed that malignant renalthe variability in MR imaging systems and the different pulse

Tumors are one of the most feared diseases of our time. Many people upon hearing the word “tumor” immediately resonate to the conclusion of it being cancer, which is not necessarily true. Tumors fall into to two main types, benign and malignant. Although they are considerably different in tissue invasion, their nature that makes them distinct and symptoms, they are also quite similar in the way they recur in the same location, growth size and their health risks.