Primary Immune Response

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The immune system is comprised of two responses: the adaptive immune response and the innate immune response. The first line of defence against invading organisms is classified as the innate immune response and the second line of defence and protection against re- exposure to the same pathogen is known as the adaptive immune response.

Vaccines are used to prevent the viral diseases by inducing the active immunity. They are made by several different processes; they can be made by using live viruses that have been weakened so as not to cause illness but still induce an immune response; or made by inactivated or killed

Vaccines and vaccinations are two different things. A product that produces immunity from a disease and can be administered through needle injections, by mouth, or by aerosol is called a vaccine (Basics). The injection of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity in the body against that organism is a vaccination (Basics). A vaccine can help prevent many different and serious diseases. When you get a vaccine it will work with your body to try and protect it. When a vaccine enters your body it will create a complex system of cells and organs that evolve to fight off infectious microbes inside of your immune system (Basics). Much of the immune system’s work is carried out by a group of different specialized cells, each type designed

Vaccines are products that produce immunity from a disease and can be administered by injection, by mouth, or by aerosol. Getting vaccinated is a safe and effective way to keep you healthy and prevent you from catching the many dangerous diseases lurking in the open world. Here in the United States, vaccinations are required. Therefore, it is scientifically evident that vaccines are highly beneficial.

Vaccination, also known as immunization, is the administration of antigenic material to stimulate an individual’s immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen (Vaccination). Vaccines are made from dead or weakened particles of viruses or bacteria. After they are injected, the dead or weakened pathogen produces antibodies, which provides immunity against a specific disease (Vaccination). Vaccinations differ from other medications as they are given to a healthy person, usually children, which is why people tend to have a lot of concern about vaccine safety and detest the idea of vaccination. According to the History of Vaccines, the first vaccine was introduced by Edward Jenner against smallpox in 1796 (All

Vaccines are strains of weakened viruses that are made to give immunity from infections and prevent the person from

Vaccines are defined as a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases. Antibodies are proteins that detect harmful foreign substances called antigens. Antibodies can bind directly to antigens or stimulate other parts of the immune system to destroy the antigen. Each

Vaccines are made of viruses or bacteria that originally cause the diseases. In order to make this viruses and bacteria usable as a vaccine, scientists choice one of the three basic methods depending on the vaccine they want to produce. The first method is using weak version of the virus causing the disease. They weaken the virus by limiting its production using chemical material. This method helps produce small amount of the virus to stimulate the immune system without harming the body. Scientists use it to make vaccines for diseases like measles, chickenpox, and mumps. (“ Weaken the Virus”1,2,3). The benefit of this method is providing a life lasting immunity for the person with one or two doses of the vaccine.( “Weaken the Virus” 9,10). However, this type of vaccine can not be used for people with low immune system .(“ Weaken the Virus” 10,11).

Vaccines are an injection of a killed or weakened strain of a disease. These encourage the production of immunity in the body against the disease. When a child is immunised with the vaccine, he/she becomes fortified against a disease after being vaccinated. Like any other medicine vaccines are not perfect. However most childhood vaccines produce immunity 90 – 100% of the time

The vaccine “teaches” the body how to defend itself against the pathogen by creating an immune response. Preventive vaccines work to protect an individual from infection or disease by introducing a small component or a nonharmful form of the disease or virus into the body. The body produces an immune response to the pathogen by generating antibodies or killer cells or even both.

A vaccine by definition is a biological advancement that helps keep you immune from a disease. The history of vaccine did not start in 1796 like most think. Vaccines have actually been around for centuries. There is evidence that Chinese Empires had vaccines around 1000 CE, but these vaccines were nothing like what is around today. Edward Jenner made the first modern day vaccine in 1796. Jenner experimented on a boy and came to the conclusion that if he was injected with cowpox and than exposed to small pox that the boy would become immune. Even though his work did not immediately kill out the disease, Jenner inspired other scientists to find out more about vaccines. There are many ways to make a modern day vaccine. First, they take the virus or bacteria and they grow it in a lab. Next they isolate the disease away from the lab materials, which made it grow. Than, they purify the disease, which weakens it. Also, an adjuvant may be added to help the immune system fight off the disease. Finally, everything is mixed up and is shipped out to its final destination. Vaccines contain different ingredients based on the vaccine but normally the ingredients include, weakened parts of viruses, Aluminum, antibiotics, formaldehyde, adjuvants, proteins, sugars, and preservatives. Vaccines help immunize the body because when the weakened disease is put into the body, the body makes antibodies to fight off the disease. If the real disease ever came into the body, the body would be able to

Vaccinations protect you from specific diseases that can make you very sick, disable or even kill you. They boost your body's own defence system, which is also called the immune system. Vaccines create immunity that protects you from an infection without causing the suffering of the disease itself.

In other word, vaccination is the combination of prepared microbial antigen with adjuvant, to protect the immune system against microbial infections. The antigen may be microorganism either living or non living.

The first contact from a pathogen with the body is always with the innate immune system. It is here to prevent the body from an infection through pathogens and it forms the first defense line. The innate immune system consists of physical barriers like the skin, proteins like the complement and certain cells, primarily leucocytes. The two main