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Although previous experiments and studies of campaigns suggest that “the prevailing scholarly consensus on campaigns is that they have minimal effects,” the work of campaign professionals undoubtedly help candidates win votes they would otherwise not win (Brady 4). Such work includes research on how to increase turnout among the electorate through the specific implementations of direct voter contact methods such as phone calls, direct mail, and volunteer canvassers as well as maximizing the potential effects of other campaigns tactics such as television advertisement. Such research allows campaigns to identify areas in which limited resources such as capital and time can be allocated to achieve the maximal effect in terms of turnout and

Within the Middle East, the largest population of the men and women are Muslim. The Muslim religion suggests that the women wear a veil or hijab, which is a headscarf that only exposes a woman’s eyes, accompanied by a burqa which is a full body cloak. The sole purpose of the clothing is to cover a woman’s feminine features from men’s eyes. The Qur’an, an Islamic scripture supports, and slightly obligates the uniform by saying that women are to be conservative, “Let them wear their head covering over their bosoms, and not display their ornaments.” (Qur’an). Muslim women, instead of feeling oppressed, view this as a positive aspect in their lives, influenced by their devotion to Allah. Their acceptance could be influenced by their

“The Hijab limits me from doing certain things. When I have the Hijab on…as a Muslim woman, I consider myself basically representing the whole community” (Ruby 29). Aspects like this set this woman apart from her peers because she is now labeled as just one thing, a Muslim, when in fact she is much more than that. Women who wear the Hijab, Muhajibah, living in the western world, I believe, have it harder than they do living back home. Here, they are subject to a lot more attention when not necessary such as weird looks walking down the street and subject to stereotypes ie. being a terrorist. Islamic women are not the only ones being oppressed by their choice of clothing; in fact every woman around the world is target towards oppression. Islamic women are just targeted more than women of other religions. This is because of the strict faith that they endure from the Qu’ran telling them that they need to dress a certain way. However, it has been debated that the Qu’ran actually doesn’t mention anything about a women needing to wear a Hijab to be a good Muslim. (Kawaji)

“I wear it to work. I wear it to school,” she told The Signal about her niqab. “Many people have this misconception that, as Muslim women, we’re oppressed or forced to wear it. For me, it’s a choice. My parents never forced me to wear it.”

Stop the Oppression of Women is a visual ad created by the ISHR, the International Society for Human Rights. The ISHR is a non-governmental, non-profit organisation that focuses on trying to improve the quality of human rights across the world. This visual focuses on the oppression of women in Islamic countries where hijab, the traditional veil that Islamic women are required to wear. There are a few main points of rhetoric to analyze from this advertisement from the ISHR, including the ethos, logos, and pathos of the visual.

In her article, “The Veil in Their Minds and Our Heads: The Persistence of Colonial Images of Muslim Woman,” Homa Hoodfar explains that western society’s view of the Islamic veil is one of imprisonment of women by their male counterpart, which limits their daily lives and opportunities, such as studies and jobs. However, Hoodfar states that is a very racist stereotype of Islamic woman. Hoodfar and many other Iranian women see the veil as a religious choice that also beautifies them while keeping them modest. The veil also gives them certain powers over men, which in turn gives them independence from men (Hoodfar, 11).

In many Muslim countries, women lack equality and basic rights as there is still social pressure for the unveiled to conform. According to people, if they don’t wear “niqab” they are not being good Muslims. Many women wish to go unveiled but cannot as in some places its illegal, and in other places they face murder, beating and other domestic violence. It is believed that if you are wearing niqab one can’t

People are known to stereotype one other. This article brings to light the fact that people don’t take the time to understand different cultures and just automatically assume things. A burka is not worn by all muslim women and in different countries they have very different meanings. In Turkey wearing one represents your want to overthrow the government by others, whereas most women wear them solely for their god and not for anyone else. Muslim women are no different then American. They are all unique and have their own beliefs and contribute to society and have educations just like the rest of us.

Muslim woman express their beliefs by wearing a veil that covers their hair to the neck leaving their face uncovered. Some wear a veil as a identification and expression of their faith. Most women have the option to decide whether to wear or not to wear the veil. Some non-Muslims might believe that they are forced and oppressed to wear a veil is a common stereotype. In some parts of the world it is banned to wear one in government and educational buildings in Germany and France. In the United States some women are being discriminated for a piece of clothing.

It did not occur to me that the women would want to wear them and felt as if they were protected and had a sense of closeness to their religion from them (Croucher, 2008). My ignorance of how Muslim women felt about wearing the head garments contributed to the idea that Muslim men oppress Muslim women. In class, we discussed how being educated about Islam allowed us to think outside the stereotype that Muslim men oppressed their women. Although many of the Muslim women want to wear head garments, there are still some that do not and France’s ban protects these women from being harmed or persecuted by those who disagree (Body-Gendrot, 2007). One of the articles mentioned that some of the women began wearing head garments because when traveling through certain areas of the city, they would be attacked if they were not wearing one (Wyatt, 2003). Women should not be subjected to crime just because they do not cover up a part of their body. Therefore, I was fine with France’s ban because it protected those that could not protect themselves. However, there are more women who want to wear head garments compared to those who do not, and because the majority of the women want to wear them, they are protesting the

The media often represents Islam as a male dominant religion where Muslim men have complete authority over all groups of people. Ironically, Mohammed was one the greatest reformers for women. In fact, Islam probably is the only religion that formally teaches women’s rights and finds ways to protect them, and if practiced correctly, it provides an equal gender society (Haque 9). Islamic women wearing veils is another commonly misunderstood concept in the West. It is thought of as a harsh custom that Islam requires of women. Although it is claimed that veils take away the rights of women, they are meant to serve just the opposite and protect them. Islam requires women to wear a veil for their own safety, but they aren’t not obligated to do

Knowing that a Muslim women veiling herself can change people's opinions. That just by dressing and acting in accordance with her beliefs. Muslim women can be a positive symbol of something is one of the most empowering feelings in the world. From Morocco to Iran, as well as in Europe and North America, veiling has come to show the differences between the West and Islam (John 2745). The veiling of a Muslim women is her choice and identity to the world. Similar to Christians and the cross or the national

Within the Middle East, the largest population of the men and women are Muslim. The Muslim religion suggests that women wear a veil or hijab, which is a head scarf that only exposes a woman’s eyes, accompanied by a burqa which is a full body cloak. The sole purpose of the clothing is to cover a woman’s feminine features from men’s eyes. The Qur’an, an Islamic scripture, supports and slightly obligates the uniform by saying that women are to be conservative, “let them wear their head covering over their bosoms, and not display their ornaments.” (Qur’an). It could be inferred that women wear the burqa and veil willingly because of their geographical location. However, when Muslim women are withdrawn from the Middle East, and are placed

However, the real concern Murphy points out is cultural. She writes that “in Western culture […] masks usually denote deceit or something to hide” and that the veil can prevent Muslim women from assimilating into a Western community where “high stock is placed on face-to-face communication” (4). British Minister Jack Straw brought up this concern when he called the veil a “‘visible statement of separation and difference’” (4). France banned the wearing of the head scarf by state school children in 2004, though it decided against banning the burqa throughout the country. Some Middle Eastern countries like Turkey, and even Iran at one time, banned veils in public to try to become more like the West. However, despite Western influence and patriarchal pressure, more and more Muslim women are wearing veils not to accommodate others but out of their strong religious belief that it gets them closer to Allah (4). Murphy concludes by noting that women have fun with the veil when they choose to wear it, making it into a fashionable item. Far from being repressed, these women can “‘cover and be beautiful’” (5).

Burqa bans are unlawfully stripping Muslim women of their right to follow and show their commitment to their religion. Many countries in the United Nations are beginning to put a nationwide ban on wearing burqas in public. This restricts Islamic women by giving them the choice to either defy their religion, or stay inside their house and not get anything done. Not only does this restrict daily activities, but it makes it challenging for islamic women to get a quality education. Overall, countries are putting a national ban on niqabs, forcing muslim women to betray their religious beliefs in order to perform simple activities.