Procedural Justice Research Paper

Substantive justice and procedural justice are two types of law that govern civil procedure. Substantive justice “involves the concept of just deserts, or how one determines a fair punishment for a particular offense” (Pollock, 2014, p.60). It deals with those areas of law which established rights and obligations of the individual, what individuals may or may not do. The substantive law allows for more individual freedom in deciding a case by focusing on the subject matter of the case rather than civil procedure. Substantive law supporters argue that by allowing the courts to make decisions based on the merit of the cases, justice is better served for the individuals in the dispute. This deal with the legal relationship between people

“Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the Earth”. Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president made this declaration during the Gettysburg address. “Of the people, for the people, by the people.” This is one of many principles our once “great” nation, the United States of America. On average 10 million people are arrested in America. All for different; reasons, drugs, murder, burglary, and so on. These people who are arrested get charged for whatever the case may be in a country that praises fair and equal trials no matter your race, religion, sexual preference, gender, etc. However, unfortunately, that is not always the case. Every day someone, somewhere becomes another victim of injustice in the American justice

This paper will describe my understanding of the text and of the lectures provided in the class. Unlike most classes, where I understood only my view of the text, this class was geared so each student would understand each other’s view. 3 An organization is a collective that has some boundary and internal structure that engages in activities related to some complex set of goals. Members of organizations attempt to meet their psychological, ego and emotional needs within the organization. Criminal justice organizations are particularly unique compared to other public or private sector organizations because of the governmental granted authority. Management within these organizations can be defined as the process by

This special behavior has become a lively research field investigated by organizational sociologists, psychologists, and management researchers. However, whereas most of the studies appear to deal with the phenomenon from a behavioral/functional perspective the natural orientation of citizenship to the political science arena is overlooked. Whereas altruism appears representing the help to specific persons. Generalized compliance is a factor defined by a more impersonal sort of conscientiousness. It implies more of a "good soldier" or "good citizen" syndrome of doing things that are "right and proper", but doing them for the sake of the system rather than for specific persons. In the view of Smith et al. (1983), the two elements represent distinct classes of citizenship. The political aspect of citizenship consists of three elements:

The aspects of justice that this chapter discuss and focuses on is civil justice, social justice, criminal justice and administration of justice. Civil justice comes from social justice. It is concerned with more civil issues like government agencies, citizens who takes cases civil and things of that nature. An example can be “Regardless of whether a criminal prosecution was undertaken, or whether defendant was found not guilty, crime victims may still be able to seek justice by filing a civil lawsuit against the person or persons the victim believes

Procedural justice refers to a fair procedure to allocate goods and resources, while end-state justice determines whether the process of distribution was just. Both these terms refer to the economic justice and the fairness of wealth. Rawls mentions that there is two principles of justice one of them granting liberties to freedom, property, and to vote. The other principle stated is the social and economic inequality and how it should benefit everyone not just a few.

Nelson, Shechter, and Ben‐Ari (2014) investigated the impact of perceived procedural justice (PPJ) on the behavior of adolescents in conflict with their teachers. Analysis of survey results from a sample of 256 high school students indicated that PPJ impacted how adolescents chose to manage conflict with their teachers. Teachers who were perceived as having just decision making processes had less conflictual relationships with students. Moreover, teachers who were perceived as being just also had students who were more willing to compromise when involved in conflict with the teacher. Lastly, the perceived legitimacy of teacher authority also impacted how students handled conflictual relationships with their teachers. When students

Notably, In Law enforcement, implementation of procedural Justice has a number of significant obstacles with police agency. These obstacles make it difficult to actualize the principles and focus of procedural justice. The following are two obstacles that can potentially derail the implementation process:

I think an example of a procedural justice implications related to pay policies would be a performance evaluation. Although our textbook said the procedural justice examines with how outcomes are allocated. Nowadays, the CEO wages is raising even higher, a ratio of eight times than 1950s. I believe the regular lower level employees do follow the procedural justice principles outlined in the textbook. Sometime they are given the chances in decisions making and influence the result. However, when it comes to higher executive performance evaluation, it does not follow the principles since they are making ridiculously amount of money and it does not depend on the outcomes of their

Justice, in simple terms, is one of the most important moral laws. Justice is a mean of two extremes: people do not value it as a good but rather because they are too weak to do injustice. To do injustice comes instinctively and is good, but to suffer it is bad. The tipping point between the two is not balanced, which created laws. It is best to do injustice without paying the penalty yet there is rarely man who can do such a thing. A true man would not make an agreement to not do injustice. They should have strength to bear with the punishments that come with being unjust. There is no unison decision on categorizing justice as man has different opinions about it. The three categories that justice is debated to be classified in are: something

Thibaut and Walker (1975) can be rightly considered the pioneers with regards to the concept of procedural justice, as they were the first to point out how the procedural features of the allo-cative process were important determinants of perceived fairness. In their research about di-spute-resolution procedures, they described procedural justice as the amount of process control provided to people affected by the procedures and their outcomes; their emphasis on the topic is justified by the fact that by allowing individuals to control the processes, procedural justice’s functioned as a defender of people’s self-interests. Applied to their context of research, they found out that the disputants were more likely to view a procedure as fair and

15. Equity theory is when employees compare what they get from their job to what they put into it (Robbins & Judge, 2015). When we look at the executive compensation issue and how it relates to equity theory, the executives are getting compensated based on what other executives from other companies make (Robbins & Judge, 2015). We are doing a comparison, it is just based on wages and not what is put into the company. By doing this it is not necessarily fair to the executives because one may put more into the company than another, but are going to receive the same wages. When we are comparing the executives with others, they should be compared to other executives in similar companies that have put in the same or close to the same amount of work into the company. This gives a fair assessment and does not compare these executives to low-ranking employees who are putting less into the company. The board of directors should be the ones determining what a fair level of pay is for their executives, but at times the board of directors is made up of executives itself (Koehn, 2014). With the board being made up of executives, a company needs to have a separate committee who does the wage comparison and determines what a fair wage is

Our current study examines juror behaviour towards perpetrators and victims in a criminal trial setting. Taken into account, are two factors hypothesized to influence the judicial outcome of criminal trials in Canada and the United States. Primarily, that a juror's level of belief in a just world (BJW) influences his or her decisions towards both the perpetrator and victim, with those jurors measuring higher in BJW being more apt to blame the victim for his or her own misfortune. Second, that the relationship between BJW and the victim blaming behaviour of the juror is mediated by whether the victim is portrayed as innocent, having done nothing to deserve victimization; or portrayed as non-innocent, having contributed to their own misfortune through careless or immoral behaviour. We analyzed data for main effects of both BJW and victim type on outcome variables perpetrator sentencing and victim monetary compensation. Data was further analyzed for possible interaction effects between BJW and victim type using multiple regression analysis, retaining the continuous characteristic of the BJW predictor variable. Results revealed no significant interaction effects or main effect of BJW on either dependent variable, however, a significant main effect of victim type was observed.

This paper reviews the literature on the antecedents and different dimensions of the organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and evaluations to see where they may be useful learning to the organization. Particularly we examine the purpose of different dimensions, antecedents and their consequences of organizational citizenship behaviour and the changes organizations

If you were asked to describe a sunset, what would you say? Perhaps you would gaze into the sky and be dazzled by a sea of vibrant hues: fuchsia, violet, and gold. Enormous, cottony clouds may fill your periphery in a gorgeous, multifaceted display of nature’s inherent opulence. You may utilize every positive adjective in your arsenal to espouse the glorious vision laid out before you. However, your next-door neighbor may tell a different story. When they look up, they might see a smog-infested atmosphere rife with rain-impregnated clouds that will surely be ruining the rest of their night. Whose account is accurate? Is it possible for both parties to be correct? Can they both be wrong?