PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Introduction
Object-Oriented Programming is a programming paradigm emphasized on “objects” which consists of data attributes and methods (Lewis; Loftus). Data attributes are comparable to nouns while methods are comparable to verbs in English. For instance, a person represented by object, has name, age, and gender as its data attributes. The person will be able to think, speak, and write with the representation of methods in the object.
The main purpose of learning Object-Oriented Programming is to create programs that are maintainable and scalable. Maintainability is essential for programmers to understand the codes in a program. Therefore, the codes have to be concise and clear. Moreover, programs need to be easy to upgrade to accommodate changes in real world. Hence, we need to have the capability to build a program on another program.
Object-Oriented Programming enables programmers to program by modeling the real world instead of defining the logic of how the world works. It focuses more on what makes up an object rather than what the object does. Programmers can focus on creating small components or objects, and group them together based on their relationships to build a larger object, which can be built upon again in future. The process of developing the paradigm consists the following steps: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Data Abstraction, and Polymorphism.
Discussion
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is an
Data objects can model relational data or advanced data types such as graphics, movies, and audio. Smalltalk, C++, Java, and others are objects used in object-oriented data. The object-relational is a combination of relational and object-oriented databases. Traditional and advanced data types can be used to construct database management systems. These systems can connect to a company’s website and update records as needed. Database Approach The main purpose of a database is data storage that can be stored and retrieved when needed. A popular common language called structured query language (SQL) is used to store and retrieve data in relational database. This language enables the systems to run a report or modify data or remove the data from the database. A database management system (DBMS) controls all aspects of a database, this is not limited to the creation, maintenance, and use of database. The DBMS ensures proper applications are able to access the database. An important purpose of a DBMS is to maintain the data definitions (data dictionary) for all the data elements in the database. It also enforces data integrity and security measures. Data Models Data models provide a contextual framework and graphical representation that aid in the definition of data elements. In a relational database, the data model lays the foundation for the database and identifies important entities,
“During the object-oriented analysis (OOA) phase object-modeling techniques are used to analyze the functional requirements for a system and create models which reflect the logical design of the system. During the object-oriented design (OOD) phase of the system, models are elaborated upon to include implementation specific details that show how the physical design of the system will come together. OOA focuses on what the system does (its static structure and behavior), OOD on how the system does it (its run-time implementation).”
This paper will discuss the difference between procedural modules and object-oriented methods. How both methods work and some of the pro
Object: Object oriented is a software program that describes the data structure, data type but also the types of operations or functions that can be applied to the data structure. Like that data structure becomes an object, which includes data and functions. Object specifies the behavior that states each class. This program can create the relationship between one object and another, such as; object can inherit characteristic from another object. Object can be written and maintained independently
The task of providing a simple description of a programming language is very difficult but it is essential to the language’s success.
Object Oriented: Java is a pure object oriented programming language where C++ is semi oriented. Basic concepts of object oriented program are object, class, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation.
Programming languages are vast and diverse in their numbers. These different languages use fundamental styles of programming called programming paradigms. These programming paradigms layout the particular design approach that a program will use to solve a problem or achieve an objective. Of the many different types of programming paradigms, some of the more distinguished ones are procedural, functional, logical, and object orientated programming. Recently the object orientated languages have been rising in popularity due to their ability to easily implement large programs. There are many different object orientated programming languages (OOPLs), among them are C#, Java, Ruby, and Python. This essay will compare and contrast two of these languages: Python and Java.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) and procedural programming are two programming paradigms. Procedural programming is a method of writing software. It is a programming practice centered on the procedures or actions that take place in a program. Object-oriented programming centers on the object. Object-oriented programming creates objects from abstract data types that encapsulate data and functions together (Gaddis 2010). There are many similarities
The term cohesion is used to indicate the degree to which a class has a single, well-focused purpose. Cohesion can be applied to classes and methods which should display a high degree of cohesion.
Unified Modeling Language is used in the field of Software Engineering which depicts the view and documentation of a software system. The UML diagram helps in code generation but much information is lost in code generation. It uses object oriented design concepts. This was proposed by Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson and James Rumbaugh. The paper provides the statistics and usage of UML in various phases of Software Development. The Client Involvement with UML components is presented and analyzed. The paper discusses how the UML is used and its extent of use and how successful in implementing it.
b) Define Object modeling – It is defined as the properties of an object in some computer programming language or technology that uses them. Specific words of the programs can be examined by this.
At its core, Structured Programming is a method to organize code. The intent of the rules laid out by the method is to make code easier to read, understand, and maintain (3). Most software projects are large and written by many programmers. Employing Structured Programming provides strict guidelines on coding practices. These guidelines are designed to decrease development time, improve readability, and increase maintainability.
Ans: Object oriented programming organizes a program around its data,i.e.,objects and a set of well defined interfaces to that data.An object-oriented program can be characterized as data controlling access to code.
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects rather than algorithms, this may contain data in the form of fields. it aims to incorporate the advantages of modularity and
Abstract- A lecture given by Guy L. Steele in 1998 at “OOPSLA 13th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming” focuses mainly on the nature and growth of programming-language design. The speaker started his lecture by giving insights into the use and nature of programming-languages. He started with examples of English language comparing with a programming-language. He talked about the set of constraints showing one may use any word of single syllable. The speaker also demonstrates it can be confining to expressing yourself when you don’t have access to an extensive vocabulary. If someone wishes to use the longer words, one must define them using only such words have one syllable Guy Steele shows with his talk is that small language restricts the expressiveness of thoughts. You must define a lot of new words to express your thoughts and ideas clearly. .He gives many more interesting points how languages should be grown. He discusses that how programmer needs to enhance the ability to expand the vocabularies of languages that feels weakened. The speaker ends his lecture after explaining the main goal of programming language design by giving various examples. [1][2][5]