1.0 Introduction
Property rights and the right to own a property is a basic human right. Article 17.1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that ‘Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others” and that ‘No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property’. The need for property rights due to the complexity of property is highly important and because of this the Torrens system was created.
1.1 Aim of Report
The aim of the report is to satisfy the requirements outlined by the assignment brief, to gain a thorough understanding of the need for property rights and the Torrens Title System. Whilst critically assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the system and the effect of the Torrens
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The evidence of ownership is the issue of a ‘Certificate of Title’ containing the name of the owners of the property. The certificate of title which can be found when conducting a title search provides proof of ownership, property information and any rights to the land. For example, mortgages, easements, encumbrances (if any) would be on the certificate of title.
2.1 History of Torrens Title System
Before the creation of the Torrens Title System, purchasing and selling land was overly complicated and the ownership would have to be proven through providing a collection of deeds clearly stating the history of ownership and both the buyer and seller would have to check ownership. The Torrens Title System was introduced on January 27, 1858. Alongside many contributors, Sir Robert Richard a politician in South Australia at the time, helped create and establish the system as a result of necessity. The necessity sprung as result of the need for land reform in South Australia as the then title system was deemed well below a satisfactory standard.
2.2 Wide Spread Adoption
Since its introduction and adoption in Australia, it has led to influencing many Nations around the world and has been introduced in New Zealand, Canada, Africa and some states in the USA. The basic principles of the system have also been utilised in other systems around the world, England, Israel, Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand
Australian laws relating to personal property securities (“PPS”) have been messy for years, based on often incomplete state records which have never been centralised. The major rationales for the reforms are that the previous laws were inflexible, outdated, and prevent product innovation.[1] Personal property incorporates intellectual property , an important repository of wealth in the 21st century.
The concept of property has long been one of the most crucial aspects for the U.S. citizens, as it is a major part of the Constitutional, and, therefore, human rights. Although the perception and understanding of “property” have been considerably changed, especially in terms of political and philosophical vision, it still has a particular meaning for the Americans. In general, the idea of property is the question of the political thought and conceptualized thinking common for the United States. In most cases, its transformations are connected to the introduction of capitalism and related governmental decision in politics. Therefore, as any other topic, the value of property has undergone harsh debates. In particular, such important figures as James Fenimore Cooper, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Walt Whitman have developed a fundamental scope of analyses with regard to the property rights in America.
In the Second Treatise of Government by John Locke, he writes about the right to private property. In the chapter which is titled “Of Property” he tells how the right to private property originated, the role it plays in the state of nature, the limitations that are set on the rights of private property, the role the invention of money played in property rights and the role property rights play after the establishment of government.. In this chapter Locke makes significant points about private property. In this paper I will summarize his analysis of the right to private property, and I will give my opinion on some of the points Locke makes in his book. According to Locke, the right to private property originated when God gave the world to
Ernest’s claim is void, as he did not occupy the property continually. This is evidenced by the recognition of both Barney and Ernest of each other from the town where Barney worked.
This paper is going to explore various definitions of what and eminent domain entails and what it means for the average person. Where did eminent domain actually start and what happened before the law was enacted, how it came to fruition. This paper is going to examine different states and governments about what they feel just compensation is and the owners reactions to what the government is doing.
According to the textbook, it states, “Our legal system creates a peaceful means to acquire, retain, and divest of property, and to settle property disputes” (Lau, 2012, p. 242). The textbook also states, “Without laws to protect ownership, the stability of our society would be seriously undermined” (Lau, 2012, p. 241). The issue in this case is who has the burden of proof regarding the averse possession of the property, so if I was the judge I would rule for the Kirlins. McLean and Steven are not the owners of the real property but has claimed the real property for their own (Lau, 2012, p. 255). The article states that the Kirlins brought the land in 1984 for $55,000; in fact, they never seen McLean and Stevens ever using the property when they went for walks (Denver). I feel the Kirlins should prevail in this event of litigation.
Property has always played an important role in the life of an individual, community and country. The practical significance of the property lies in the fact that it enables us at least the necessities and amenities of the routine life if not the means of comfort. The property rights give the successor a way to overcome the sufferings and to fight the battle of their lives.
This does create the question of what happens when a person believes that the property was their own.
These are two different concepts. Traditionally bundle of rights include (i) control use of the property, (ii) benefit from the property e.g rent, (iii) transfer or sell the property and (iv) exclude others from the property. The legal system has evolved to cover the transactions and disputes which arise over the possession, use, transfer and disposal of property, most particularly involving contracts. Property law has developed rapidly over many years. It started with the hunter-gatherers who had a subsistence economy.
Being one of the most extensive law reforms of the Law Commission, Land Registration Act 2002 aims to create a flawless legal framework for land registration, especially in terms of conveyancing with emphasis on overriding interests and adverse possession. It is agreed that the Land Registration Act 2002 (hereafter LRA 2002), by putting emphasis on strict registration, moved the idea of land ownership from ownership by possession to bureaucratization of title via registration. Therefore, LRA 2002 is said to bring further strictness and clarity to land ownership and subsequent conveyancing. In conjunction, LRA 2002 was expected to bring an “e-conveyancing revolution” to land registration which was awaited to be a major success. Although steps are taken towards this development, it is claimed that there is still long way to go before a complete and problem-free e-conveyancing system. Apart from matters relating to conveyancing, LRA 2002 consists of sections regarding overriding interests where their number and scope are widely reduced with specifications of registration introduced. Moreover, the Act includes strictly drafted provisions about adverse possession, aiming to bring further restrictions to this matter by bringing further difficulties to the acquisition of title and therefore shifting from a squatter prone approach to a registered owner supporting view.
Title Company – Protects against future title claims and ensure that the home has a free title in order
In Lewisham Borough Council v Roberts[10], a case concerning delegation of power of requisition, Lord Denning affirmed that the Council ”cannot grant a lease or create any legal interest in the land…because it has itself no estate in the land out of which to carve any interest.” More recently, Neuberger J. in Re Friends Provident Life Office[11] reassured “a lease involves not only a contract, but also an estate in land”[12]. Therefore, the traditional concepts are long-standing principle and the possibility of leases existing merely in contractual nature and granting “tenant” merely contractual rights are denied by courts.
In terms of leases under the Torrens system, registration of the lease is not compulsory and short-term leases may be protected from subsequent registration, despite the fact that it has not been registered.
The Land Registration Act (LRA) 1925 has drawn much flak over the years with regards to one of its most important provisions on overriding interests (OI), which often goes unnoticed until it swoops up and takes priority over the rights of a future purchaser. These interests often come in the form of other occupiers in the property with an equitable interest and, like in the case of Boland , this leaves the lender in a tight spot when they find out about the existence of these interests only after they have initiate proceedings for possession against the defaulting borrowers. Due to the other occupier’s concealed nature on the property register, the lenders have regained their footing by applying the concept of overreaching and ….. The Law Commission, on the other hand, contemplated abolishing these interest altogether but did not go to that extent because it was neither feasible nor desirable Instead, they shrank their impact on land by reforming the operation and scope of the OI. With LRA 2002 sch 3 para 2, lenders now have more control over what may bite them. …. This essay will access…. with a focus on how the lending world have dealt with the implications of Boland…. The best way to access the impact of … would be to go through the pre – post blabla to show how the thing has balanced.
The United States of America was built on the ideals set forth by our founding fathers in the Constitution of the United States of America. Such ideals are held to the highest standards in our community to this day; like our right to the freedom of speech, our right to bear arms, and the right to own property. Each of these rights are firmly stated in the Constitution, along with many other rights that citizens of the Untied States have. The ideals of our founding fathers were so profound that many other nations modeled their democracy after the Constitution put forth by the Americans. It is basic human rights that people should have the freedom of speech, religion, and press and the right to own property. And we